contributions/ds_eoscpilot/ds_eoscpilot.aux

+\relax 
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{1}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Activities and Achievements}{2}}
+\newlabel{sec:activities}{{2}{2}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1}Interoperability pilots: Transparent Networking}{2}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2}Interoperability pilots: Grid-Cloud interoperability demonstrator for HEP community}{2}}
+\newlabel{fig:1}{{1}{3}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3}Interoperability pilots: AAI}{3}}
+\newlabel{fig:2}{{2}{4}}
+\newlabel{fig:3}{{3}{5}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4}Data Interoperability Demonstrators}{5}}
+\newlabel{fig:4}{{4}{6}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Other activities}{6}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Conclusions}{6}}

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contributions/ds_eoscpilot/ds_eoscpilot.tex

+\documentclass[a4paper]{jpconf}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\begin{document}
+\title{EOSCpilot: Interoperability Interim results}
+
+\author{C. Duma$^1$, A. Costantini$^1$, D. Michelotto$^1$,
+        A. Ceccanti$^1$, E. Fattibene $^1$ and D. Salomoni$^1$}
+\address{$^1$INFN Division CNAF, Bologna, Italy}
+
+\ead{ds@cnaf.infn.it}
+
+\begin{abstract}
+
+The EOSCpilot project is the first project in the entire EOSC programme, tasked 
+with exploring some of the scientific, technical and cultural challenges that need
+to be addressed in the deployment of the EOSC. The EOSCpilot project has been funded
+to support the first phase in the development of the European Open Science Cloud 
+(EOSC). In this paper we present a summary of the second year activities results
+in the field of interoperability containing the first results of the validation 
+of services and demonstrators in the interoperability testbeds and the revised 
+interoperability requirements derived from these activities. 
+
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+The European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) programme aims to deliver an Open Data 
+Science Environment that federates existing scientific data infrastructures to 
+offer European science and technology researchers and practitioners seamless 
+access to services for storage, management, analysis and re-use of research data 
+presently restricted by geographic borders and scientific disciplines.
+
+In the framework of the EOSCpilot, WP6, "Interoperability", aims to develop and 
+demonstrate the interoperability requirements between e-Infrastructures, 
+domain research infrastructures and other service providers needed in the 
+European Open Science Cloud. It provides solutions, based on analysis of existing
+and planned assets and techniques, to the challenge of interoperability. 
+Two aspects of interoperability are taken into consideration: {\bf Data interoperability},
+ensuring that data can be discovered accessed and used according to the FAIR 
+principles, and {\bf Service interoperability}, ensuring that services operated 
+within different infrastructures can interchange and interwork. 
+
+In the framework of the EOSCpilot project INFN, and in particular CNAF is the 
+coordinator of the activities of the task T6.3 - “Interoperability pilots 
+(service implementation, integration, validation, provisioning for Science 
+Demonstrators)â€.
+
+One of the project's main Objectives related to WP6 is to:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item “Develop a number of pilots that integrate services and infrastructures 
+    to demonstrate interoperability in a number of scientific domains†
+\end{itemize}
+mapped into some specific Objectives addressed by the T6.3 task:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Validating the compliance of services provided by WP5, "Services", 
+    with specifications and requirements defined by the Science Demonstrators in WP4, 
+    "Science Demonstrators"
+\item Defining and setting up distributed Interoperability Pilots, involving 
+    multiple infrastructures, providers and scientific communities, with the purpose
+    of validating the WP5 service portfolio.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Activities and Achievements}
+\label{sec:activities}
+
+During 2018 the main activities coordinated by INFN-CNAF were:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Support the setup of the Science Demonstrator pilots, following their 
+    interoperability requirements and matching them again with available services and solutions
+\item Setup of different pilot addressing different interoperability aspects:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Transparent Networking – PiCo2 (Pilot for COnnection between COmputing centers)
+\item Grid and Cloud interoperability – pilot demonstrator for one of the HEP experiments
+\item AAI – through the setup of a scoped interoperability pilot as part of the 
+    WLCG Authorization WG, AARC and EOSCpilot collaboration
+\item Resource Brokering \& orchestration – leveraging INDIGO-DataCloud solutions
+\item Data accessibility \& interoperability of underlying storage systems – 
+    distributed Onedata deployment
+\end{itemize}
+\item Continuous interaction and communication with Science Demonstrators shepherds 
+in order to collect eventual new requirements result of the activities done in the
+implementation of the SDs specific use cases.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Interoperability pilots: Transparent Networking}
+
+The {\bf PiCO2 (Pilot for COnnecting  COmputing centers)} is one of the first 
+interoperability pilots between generic, community agnostic, infrastructures, 
+especially Tier 1 (National HPC/HTC centers), and Tier 2 (HPC/HTC regional centers). 
+Its main objective is the automation of frequent, community agnostic, data flow 
+(many large files) and code exchange between HPC (National, Regional) and HTC (national, grid) infrastructures
+During 2018 technical groups have been set up:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item one for building a network of peer to peer federations between iRODS zones
+    (data storage service), between Tier 1 \& Tier 2, between Tier 2, and between Tier 2 and the grid
+\item one for connecting the infrastructures within a L3VPN network and 
+    monitoring the performance of the network between sites 
+\item one for facilitating the mobility and use of codes between different 
+    machines, using containers, packages for configuration management, and notebooks
+\end{itemize}
+
+In Figure~\ref{fig:1} we see the current status of the project with the sites involved.
+
+\begin{figure}
+  \centering
+  \includegraphics[width=12cm,clip]{pico2_anrep2018.png}
+  \caption{PiCO2 Layer 3 VPN}
+  \label{fig:1}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\subsection{Interoperability pilots: Grid-Cloud interoperability demonstrator 
+for HEP community}
+
+Dynamic On Demand Analysis Service (DODAS) is a Platform as a Service tool built 
+combining several solutions and products developed by the INDIGO-DataCloud H2020 
+project. It has been extensively tested on a dedicated interoperability testbed 
+under the umbrella of the EOSCpilot project, during the first year of the project.
+Although originally designed for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS)  Experiment at 
+LHC, DODAS has been quickly adopted by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) 
+astroparticle physics experiment mounted on the ISS as a solution to exploit 
+opportunistic computing, nowadays an extremely important topic for research 
+domains where computing needs constantly increase. Given its flexibility and 
+efficiency, DODAS was selected as one of the Thematic Services that will provide 
+multi-disciplinary solutions in the EOSC-hub project. An integration and management 
+system of the European Open Science Cloud starting in January 2018.
+During the integration pilot the usage of any cloud (both public and private) 
+to seamlessly integrate existing Grid computing model of CMS  was demonstrated.
+Overall, integration has been successful and much experience has been gained 
+resulting in improved understanding of weaknesses and aspects to improve and to optimise. 
+Weaknesses, and aspects to be improved include:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Federation: federated access to underlying IaaS is a key. So far we ha€™ve 
+experienced several issues. Frequently we had issues with the IaaS provider 
+already using OpenID Connect Authorisation Server and thus unable to federate 
+additional services. We adopted ESACO  solution to solve such a problem. It 
+would be crucial to have it as a EOSC provided service. 
+\begin{itemize}
+\item for non-proprietary IaaSs would be extremely important in the EOSC 
+landscape. A scenario where, as example, a commercial cloud is used, would 
+benefit of such functionality for counting the overall HEPSpec .
+\end{itemize}
+\item Transparent Data Access: so far the only scalable solution we can use is 
+XrootD . However, this might not fit all possible use cases.  A more generic 
+solution would be a big plus.
+\item Resource monitoring: we didn'€™t find a common solution for monitoring 
+cloud resources. Although we implemented our own we are convinced that a 
+common strategy would be extremely valuable. 
+\item PaaS Orchestration: Although the current INDIGO PaaS Orchestrator has 
+been fully integrated and show enormous advantages while dealing with multiple
+IaaSs, there is room for improvement both in the interface and in the management
+of IaaS ranking. 
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsection{Interoperability pilots: AAI}
+
+The EOSCpilot and AARC (add reference) projects  started a collaboration activity
+in the field of authorisation and authentication, policies and recommendations 
+regarding their design, that took shape, in the scope of the WP6 activities, 
+under the form of an AAI interoperability demonstrator setup as part of the 
+AARC pilots Task 1: {\bf Pilots with research communities based on use cases 
+provided  - the WLCG use case}, regarding the {\it “Implementation of IdP/SP Proxy, 
+mainly to provide Token Translation Services to allow end users to login without 
+the need of manually managing X.509 certificates}. A team of people was formed, 
+under the WLCG coordination, to deal with the various activities, the {\bf WLCG 
+ Authorisation WorkingGroup  (WG)}, motivated by:
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item Evolving Identity Landscape
+ \begin{itemize}
+  \item User-owned x509 certificates -> Federated Identities
+  \item Federated Identities linkage with existing VOMS authorisations not supported
+  \item Maintaining assurance and identity vetting for federated users not supported
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item Central User Blocking
+ \begin{itemize}
+  \item Retirement of glexec removes blocking capability (\& traceability)
+  \item VO-level blocking not a realistic sanction
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item Data Protection
+ \begin{itemize}
+  \item Tightening of data protection (GDPR) requires fine-grained user level 
+access control
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+
+The federated identities and the adoption of new authorisation standards by industry 
+is a strong signal for WLCG to adapt its authorisation infrastructure, of which 
+we can see the schema in Figure~\ref{fig:2}. 
+
+\begin{figure}
+  \centering
+  \includegraphics[width=12cm,clip]{aai_anrepo2018.png}
+  \caption{WLCG AAI system}
+  \label{fig:2}
+\end{figure}
+
+After an initial requirements gathering , and analysis of how existing solutions
+functionalities match the requirements , two main activities started:
+\begin{enumerate} 
+\item Design and testing of a WLCG Membership Management and Token Translation 
+service, facilitated by pilot projects with the support of AARC (AAI Pilot Projects) 
+\item Definition of a token based authorization schema for downstream WLCG 
+services and token issuers (JWT) 
+\end{enumerate}
+
+The activities done during 2018 regarded the: 
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item IAM instance deployed @ INFN-CNAF since January 2018 to showcase
+  main features and integration capabilities of the INDIGO-IAM service (figure~\ref{fig:3})
+ \begin{itemize}
+  \item https://wlcg-authz-wg.cloud.cnaf.infn.it/login
+ \end{itemize} 
+ \item The migration of this deployment to CERN infrastructure for further 
+ validation \& feedback on
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item RCAuth.eu and CERN HR database integration
+  \item Registration \& administration management functionality
+\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\begin{figure}
+  \centering
+  \includegraphics[width=8cm,clip]{aai_2_anrepo2018.png}
+  \caption{INDIGO-IAM service architecture}
+  \label{fig:3}
+\end{figure}
+
+\subsection{Data Interoperability Demonstrators}
+One of the two tracks into which interoperability is mapped in the EOSCpilot WP6 
+is the Research and Data Interoperability track, task T6.2 that provides the research 
+infrastructure and domain expert view in the work programme with focus on data 
+interoperability. 
+
+T6.2 aims to {\bf establish principles and develop mechanisms} that enable the EOSC to
+provide research and data interoperability across the diversity of existing 
+(and potential future) research communities, research infrastructures and 
+other research organisations. It
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item analyses the existing interoperation mechanisms for
+  data, software components, workflows, users and resource access with particular
+  attention to the use of standards and their syntactic and semantic representations. 
+  \item provides the knowledge management framework - the content descriptions - 
+  consumed by the services established in WP5 and technical interoperability 
+  defined in task 6.1 and 6.3. 
+  \item gathers requirements from the participating RIs and science partners
+  \item is organised following the FAIR principles, and address the 
+  Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability of research assets. 
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{figure}
+  \centering
+  \includegraphics[width=12cm,clip]{t6_2_anrepo2018.png}
+  \caption{Data Interoperability activities plan}
+  \label{fig:4}
+\end{figure}
+
+After the delivery of the first draft of the strategy and recommendations done in
+2017 and beginning of 2018, four data interoperability demonstrators have been 
+proposed to test components of the strategy: 
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item Evaluation of the EDMI (EOSC Datasets Minimum Information) metadata guidelines to find and access datasets 

+  \item Discovery of compliant data resources and metadata catalogues 

+  \item Research schemas for exposing dataset metadata 

+  \item Description and guidelines per metadata property 

+\end{itemize}
+
+Our role during 2018 was to:
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item Facilitate \& Support through
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Integration of the feedback from demonstrators into the 
+  EOSCpilot data interoperability strategy
+    \item Organisation of phone calls, F2F meetings and other events to help delivering the proposed tasks
+    \item Track the outcomes produced by the data interoperability demonstrators
+    \item Promote the activities and results of the demonstrators and work on 
+    ways to recognise the contribution of the demonstrator participants.
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Other activities}
+
+During 2018 we contributed also to the writing of two of the project deliverables 
+summarizing the activities done:
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item {\bf D6.5: Interim Interoperability Testbed report} - highlighting 
+ the status of all Science Demonstrators testbeds and activities, most of them 
+ in line with what planned initially, some of them requiring extensions in order 
+ to finalise the work.  
+ \item {\bf D6.7: Revised Requirements of the Interoperability Testbeds} - providing
+ an updated picture of the different actors involved in the EOSCpilot project, 
+ that, through their activities, aim in shaping the EOSC environment, 
+ improving the services and e-infrastructures it consists of, and also provide 
+ requirements and recommendations, based on the experiences they gained during 
+ the project, to help in the prioritisation of the new features of the existing 
+ services and of the development of new services that are aligned with the needs 
+ and expectations of researchers.
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\section{Conclusions}
+
+After the collection of the initial requirements on the interoperability testbeds, 
+reported in deliverable D6.4, at the end of 2017, the activities continued on 
+supporting the projects Science Demonstrators and an interim report on the 
+status of the testbeds was provided in the D6.5 deliverable. In the second part 
+of the project after the first round of selected Science Demonstrators were almost
+at the end of their activities, while the second round was at the beginning, an 
+updated list of requirements regarding interoperability aspects was provided in 
+the deliverable D6.7. 
+The activities of the Interoperability Pilots task will be concluded during the first part of 2019 
+by providing the validation of the e-infrastructures and services deployed. For this 
+final assessment we will take into considerations the tools/services developed as 
+part of other EC projects to implement the interoperability aspects, e.g. the 
+Interoperability (IOP) Quick Assessment Toolkit (add reference), developed in the 
+context of Action 2.1 of the Interoperability Solutions for European Public 
+Administrations (ISA) Programme (add reference)
+
+
+\section*{Acknowledgments}
+EOSCpilot has been funded by the European Commission H2020 research and innovation
+program under grant agreement RIA 739563.
+
+
+\end{document}
+

contributions/ds_eoscpilot/iopams.sty

+%% 
+%% This is file `iopams.sty'
+%% File to include AMS fonts and extra definitions for bold greek 
+%% characters for use with iopart.cls
+%%
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesPackage{iopams}[1997/02/13 v1.0]
+\RequirePackage{amsgen}[1995/01/01]
+\RequirePackage{amsfonts}[1995/01/01]
+\RequirePackage{amssymb}[1995/01/01]
+\RequirePackage{amsbsy}[1995/01/01]
+%
+\iopamstrue   % \newif\ifiopams in iopart.cls & iopbk2e.cls
+%             % allows optional text to be in author guidelines
+%
+% Bold lower case Greek letters
+%
+\newcommand{\balpha}{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}
+\newcommand{\bbeta}{\boldsymbol{\beta}}
+\newcommand{\bgamma}{\boldsymbol{\gamma}}
+\newcommand{\bdelta}{\boldsymbol{\delta}}
+\newcommand{\bepsilon}{\boldsymbol{\epsilon}}
+\newcommand{\bzeta}{\boldsymbol{\zeta}}
+\newcommand{\bfeta}{\boldsymbol{\eta}}
+\newcommand{\btheta}{\boldsymbol{\theta}}
+\newcommand{\biota}{\boldsymbol{\iota}}
+\newcommand{\bkappa}{\boldsymbol{\kappa}}
+\newcommand{\blambda}{\boldsymbol{\lambda}}
+\newcommand{\bmu}{\boldsymbol{\mu}}
+\newcommand{\bnu}{\boldsymbol{\nu}}
+\newcommand{\bxi}{\boldsymbol{\xi}}
+\newcommand{\bpi}{\boldsymbol{\pi}}
+\newcommand{\brho}{\boldsymbol{\rho}}
+\newcommand{\bsigma}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}
+\newcommand{\btau}{\boldsymbol{\tau}}
+\newcommand{\bupsilon}{\boldsymbol{\upsilon}}
+\newcommand{\bphi}{\boldsymbol{\phi}}
+\newcommand{\bchi}{\boldsymbol{\chi}}
+\newcommand{\bpsi}{\boldsymbol{\psi}}
+\newcommand{\bomega}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}
+\newcommand{\bvarepsilon}{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}
+\newcommand{\bvartheta}{\boldsymbol{\vartheta}}
+\newcommand{\bvaromega}{\boldsymbol{\varomega}}
+\newcommand{\bvarrho}{\boldsymbol{\varrho}}
+\newcommand{\bvarzeta}{\boldsymbol{\varsigma}}  %NB really sigma
+\newcommand{\bvarsigma}{\boldsymbol{\varsigma}}
+\newcommand{\bvarphi}{\boldsymbol{\varphi}}
+%
+% Bold upright capital Greek letters
+%
+\newcommand{\bGamma}{\boldsymbol{\Gamma}}
+\newcommand{\bDelta}{\boldsymbol{\Delta}}
+\newcommand{\bTheta}{\boldsymbol{\Theta}}
+\newcommand{\bLambda}{\boldsymbol{\Lambda}}
+\newcommand{\bXi}{\boldsymbol{\Xi}}
+\newcommand{\bPi}{\boldsymbol{\Pi}}
+\newcommand{\bSigma}{\boldsymbol{\Sigma}}
+\newcommand{\bUpsilon}{\boldsymbol{\Upsilon}}
+\newcommand{\bPhi}{\boldsymbol{\Phi}}
+\newcommand{\bPsi}{\boldsymbol{\Psi}}
+\newcommand{\bOmega}{\boldsymbol{\Omega}}
+%
+% Bold versions of miscellaneous symbols
+%
+\newcommand{\bpartial}{\boldsymbol{\partial}}
+\newcommand{\bell}{\boldsymbol{\ell}}
+\newcommand{\bimath}{\boldsymbol{\imath}}
+\newcommand{\bjmath}{\boldsymbol{\jmath}}
+\newcommand{\binfty}{\boldsymbol{\infty}}
+\newcommand{\bnabla}{\boldsymbol{\nabla}}
+\newcommand{\bdot}{\boldsymbol{\cdot}}
+%
+% Symbols for caption
+%
+\renewcommand{\opensquare}{\mbox{$\square$}}
+\renewcommand{\opentriangle}{\mbox{$\vartriangle$}}
+\renewcommand{\opentriangledown}{\mbox{$\triangledown$}}
+\renewcommand{\opendiamond}{\mbox{$\lozenge$}}
+\renewcommand{\fullsquare}{\mbox{$\blacksquare$}}
+\newcommand{\fulldiamond}{\mbox{$\blacklozenge$}}
+\newcommand{\fullstar}{\mbox{$\bigstar$}}
+\newcommand{\fulltriangle}{\mbox{$\blacktriangle$}}
+\newcommand{\fulltriangledown}{\mbox{$\blacktriangledown$}}
+
+\endinput
+%% 
+%% End of file `iopams.sty'.

contributions/ds_eoscpilot/jpconf.cls

+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesClass{jpconf}
+              [2007/03/07 v1.1
+ LaTeX class for Journal of Physics: Conference Series]
+%\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\newcommand\@ptsize{1}
+\newif\if@restonecol
+\newif\if@letterpaper
+\newif\if@titlepage
+\newif\ifiopams
+\@titlepagefalse
+\@letterpaperfalse
+\DeclareOption{a4paper}
+   {\setlength\paperheight {297mm}%
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+   {\setlength\paperheight {279.4mm}%
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+\@letterpapertrue}
+\DeclareOption{landscape}
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+    \setlength\paperheight {\paperwidth}%
+    \setlength\paperwidth  {\@tempdima}}
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+\renewcommand\@ptsize{1}
+%\ExecuteOptions{A4paper, twoside}
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+\DeclareMathAlphabet{\bcal}{OMS}{cmsy}{b}{n}
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+\tolerance=8000
+% Headings for all pages apart from first
+%
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+     \let\@oddfoot\@empty
+     \let\@evenfoot\@empty
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+      %\def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\itshape\rightmark}%
+      %\def\@oddhead{{\itshape\leftmark}\hfil\thepage}%
+      %\def\@evenhead{{\itshape Journal of Physics: Conference Series}\hfill}%
+      %\def\@oddhead{\hfill {\itshape Journal of Physics: Conference Series}}%%
+      \let\@mkboth\markboth
+      \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+      \let\subsectionmark\@gobble}
+%
+% Headings for first page
+%
+\def\ps@myheadings{\let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
+    \let\@oddhead\@empty\let\@evenhead\@empty
+    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+    \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+    \let\subsectionmark\@gobble}
+%
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+    %\pagestyle{empty}%
+     \thispagestyle{myheadings}
+    \vspace*{25mm}{\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000 
+    %\Large
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+    \thispagestyle{myheadings}
+%\pagestyle{empty}%
+    \vspace*{25mm}{\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000 
+    %\Large\raggedright\noindent\bf#1\par}
+\fontsize{18bp}{24bp}\selectfont\bf\noindent\raggedright#1\par}}
+%AUTHOR
+\renewcommand{\author}{\@ifnextchar[{\@sauthor}{\@fauthor}}
+\def\@sauthor[#1]#2{\markright{#1}    % for production only
+   \vspace*{1.5pc}%
+   \begin{indented}%
+   \item[]\normalsize\bf\raggedright#2
+   \end{indented}%
+   \smallskip}
+\def\@fauthor#1{%\markright{#1} for production only
+   \vspace*{1.5pc}%
+   \begin{indented}%
+   \item[]\normalsize\bf\raggedright#1
+   \end{indented}%
+   \smallskip}
+%E-MAIL
+\def\eads#1{\vspace*{5pt}\address{E-mail: #1}}
+\def\ead#1{\vspace*{5pt}\address{E-mail: \mailto{#1}}}
+\def\mailto#1{{\tt #1}}
+%ADDRESS
+\newcommand{\address}[1]{\begin{indented}
+   \item[]\rm\raggedright #1
+   \end{indented}}
+\newlength{\indentedwidth}
+\newdimen\mathindent
+\mathindent = 6pc
+\indentedwidth=\mathindent
+% FOOTNOTES
+%\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
+%  \kern-3\p@
+%  \hrule\@width.4\columnwidth
+%  \kern2.6\p@}
+%\newcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
+%    \parindent 1em%
+%    \noindent
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+% unless optional argument of [<num>] use to specify required symbol, 
+% 1=\dag, 2=\ddag, etc
+% Usage: \footnote{Text of footnote}
+%        \footnote[3]{Text of footnote}
+%
+\def\footnoterule{}%
+\setcounter{footnote}{0}
+\long\def\@makefntext#1{\parindent 1em\noindent 
+ \makebox[1em][l]{\footnotesize\rm$\m@th{\fnsymbol{footnote}}$}%
+ \footnotesize\rm #1}
+\def\@makefnmark{\normalfnmark}
+\def\normalfnmark{\hbox{${\fnsymbol{footnote}}\m@th$}}
+\def\altfnmark{\hbox{$^{\rm Note}\ {\fnsymbol{footnote}}\m@th$}}
+\def\footNote#1{\let\@makefnmark\altfnmark\footnote{#1}\let\@makefnmark\normalfnmark}
+\def\@thefnmark{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
+\def\footnote{\protect\pfootnote}
+\def\pfootnote{\@ifnextchar[{\@xfootnote}{\stepcounter{\@mpfn}%
+       \begingroup\let\protect\noexpand
+       \xdef\@thefnmark{\thempfn}\endgroup
+     \@footnotemark\@footnotetext}}
+\def\@xfootnote[#1]{\setcounter{footnote}{#1}%
+   \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnote}
+
+\newcommand\ftnote{\protect\pftnote}
+\newcommand\pftnote[1]{\setcounter{footnote}{#1}%
+   \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnote}
+\newcommand{\fnm}[1]{\setcounter{footnote}{#1}\footnotetext}
+
+\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ifnum\thefootnote=99\hbox{*}\else^{\thefootnote}\fi\relax}
+%
+% Address marker
+%
+\newcommand{\ad}[1]{\noindent\hbox{$^{#1}$}\relax}
+\newcommand{\adnote}[2]{\noindent\hbox{$^{#1,}$}\setcounter{footnote}{#2}%
+   \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnote}
+\def\@tnote{}
+\newcounter{oldftnote}
+\newcommand{\tnote}[1]{*\gdef\@tnote{%
+   \setcounter{oldftnote}{\c@footnote}%
+   \setcounter{footnote}{99}%
+   \footnotetext{#1}%
+   \setcounter{footnote}{\c@oldftnote}\addtocounter{footnote}{-1}}}
+%==================
+% Acknowledgments (no heading if letter)
+% Usage \ack for Acknowledgments, \ackn for Acknowledgement
+\def\ack{\section*{Acknowledgments}}
+\def\ackn{\section*{Acknowledgment}}
+%SECTION DEFINITIONS
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+                                    {\reset@font\normalsize\itshape}}
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+     \@tempskipa #5\relax
+      \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+        \begingroup #6\relax
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+                      \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
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+        \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\relax  %% \relax added 2 May 90
+                   \@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
+                      {#7}\addcontentsline
+                           {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+                             \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
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+    \@xsect{#3}}
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+\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries --}
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+%%%%%%%%%%%%% Figures
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+\def\ftype@figure{1}
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+\newenvironment{figure}{\footnotesize\rm\@float{figure}}%
+    {\end@float\normalsize\rm}
+\newenvironment{figure*}{\footnotesize\rm\@dblfloat{figure}}{\end@dblfloat}
+\newcounter{table}
+\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
+\def\fps@table{tbp}
+\def\ftype@table{2}
+\def\ext@table{lot}
+\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
+\newenvironment{table}{\footnotesize\rm\@float{table}}%
+   {\end@float\normalsize\rm}
+\newenvironment{table*}{\footnotesize\rm\@dblfloat{table}}%
+   {\end@dblfloat\normalsize\rm}
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+%Table Environments
+%\newenvironment{tableref}[3][\textwidth]{%
+%\begin{center}%
+%\begin{table}%
+%\captionsetup[table]{width=#1}
+%\centering\caption{\label{#2}#3}}{\end{table}\end{center}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\newcounter{figure}
+%\renewcommand \thefigure {\@arabic\c@figure}
+%\def\fps@figure{tbp}
+%\def\ftype@figure{1}
+%\def\ext@figure{lof}
+%\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
+%ENVIRONMENT: figure
+%\newenvironment{figure}
+%               {\@float{figure}}
+%               {\end@float}
+%ENVIRONMENT: figure*
+%\newenvironment{figure*}
+%               {\@dblfloat{figure}}
+%               {\end@dblfloat}
+%ENVIRONMENT: table
+%\newcounter{table}
+%\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
+%\def\fps@table{tbp}
+%\def\ftype@table{2}
+%\def\ext@table{lot}
+%\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
+%\newenvironment{table}
+%               {\@float{table}}
+%               {\end@float}
+%ENVIRONMENT: table*
+%\newenvironment{table*}
+%               {\@dblfloat{table}}
+%               {\end@dblfloat}
+%\newlength\abovecaptionskip
+%\newlength\belowcaptionskip
+%\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
+%\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
+% CAPTIONS
+% Added redefinition of \@caption so captions are not written to 
+% aux file therefore less need to \protect fragile commands
+%
+\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore
+    \normalsize
+    \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
+  \endgroup}
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
+  \sbox\@tempboxa{{\bf #1.} #2}%
+ \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
+   {\bf #1.} #2\par
+ \else
+    \global \@minipagefalse
+    \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+  \fi
+  \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal}
+%\newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
+%\newcommand\@tocrmarg{2.55em}
+%\newcommand\@dotsep{4.5}
+%\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+%\newcommand\tableofcontents{%
+%    \section*{\contentsname
+%        \@mkboth{%
+%           \MakeUppercase\contentsname}{\MakeUppercase\contentsname}}%
+%    \@starttoc{toc}%
+%    }
+%\newcommand*\l@part[2]{%
+%  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax
+%    \addpenalty\@secpenalty
+%    \addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}%
+%    \begingroup
+%      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+%      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+%      {\leavevmode
+%       \large \bfseries #1\hfil \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
+%       \nobreak
+%       \if@compatibility
+%         \global\@nobreaktrue
+%         \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}%
+%      \fi
+%    \endgroup
+%  \fi}
+%\newcommand*\l@section[2]{%
+%  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\z@
+%    \addpenalty\@secpenalty
+%    \addvspace{1.0em \@plus\p@}%
+%    \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
+%    \begingroup
+%      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+%      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+%      \leavevmode \bfseries
+%      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
+%      \hskip -\leftskip
+%      #1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
+%    \endgroup
+%  \fi}
+%\newcommand*\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+%\newcommand*\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
+%\newcommand*\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
+%\newcommand*\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
+%\newcommand\listoffigures{%
+%    \section*{\listfigurename
+%      \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}%
+%              {\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}}%
+%    \@starttoc{lof}%
+%    }
+%\newcommand*\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+%\newcommand\listoftables{%
+%    \section*{\listtablename
+%      \@mkboth{%
+%          \MakeUppercase\listtablename}{\MakeUppercase\listtablename}}%
+%    \@starttoc{lot}%
+%    }
+%\let\l@table\l@figure
+%======================================
+%ENVIRONMENTS
+%======================================
+%ENVIRONMENT: indented
+\newenvironment{indented}{\begin{indented}}{\end{indented}}
+\newenvironment{varindent}[1]{\begin{varindent}{#1}}{\end{varindent}}
+%
+\def\indented{\list{}{\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=0\p@
+   \labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=\mathindent\topsep=0\p@\partopsep=0\p@
+   \parsep=0\p@\listparindent=15\p@}\footnotesize\rm}
+\let\endindented=\endlist 
+\def\varindent#1{\setlength{\varind}{#1}%
+   \list{}{\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=0\p@
+   \labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=\varind\topsep=0\p@\partopsep=0\p@
+   \parsep=0\p@\listparindent=15\p@}\footnotesize\rm}
+\let\endvarindent=\endlist 
+%ENVIRONMENT: abstract
+\newenvironment{abstract}{%
+      \vspace{16pt plus3pt minus3pt}
+      \begin{indented}
+      \item[]{\bfseries \abstractname.}\quad\rm\ignorespaces} 
+      {\end{indented}\vspace{10mm}}
+%ENVIRONMENT: description
+\newenvironment{description}
+               {\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
+                        \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
+               {\endlist}
+\newcommand\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                \normalfont\bfseries #1}
+%ENVIRONMENT: quotation
+\newenvironment{quotation}
+               {\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em%
+                        \itemindent    \listparindent
+                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
+                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
+                \item[]}
+               {\endlist}
+%ENVIRONMENT: quote
+\newenvironment{quote}
+               {\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
+                \item[]}
+               {\endlist}
+%ENVIRONMENT: verse
+\newenvironment{verse}
+               {\let\\=\@centercr
+                \list{}{\itemsep      \z@
+                        \itemindent   -1.5em%
+                        \listparindent\itemindent
+                        \rightmargin  \leftmargin
+                        \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
+                \item[]}
+               {\endlist}
+%ENVIRONMENT: bibliography
+\newdimen\bibindent
+\setlength\bibindent{1.5em}
+\def\thebibliography#1{\list
+ {\hfil[\arabic{enumi}]}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@
+ \partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@
+ \labelsep=5\p@\itemindent=-10\p@
+ \settowidth\labelwidth{\footnotesize[#1]}%
+ \leftmargin\labelwidth
+ \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+ \advance\leftmargin -\itemindent
+ \usecounter{enumi}}\footnotesize
+ \def\newblock{\ }
+ \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+ \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
+\let\endthebibliography=\endlist
+\def\numrefs#1{\begin{thebibliography}{#1}}
+\def\endnumrefs{\end{thebibliography}}
+\let\endbib=\endnumrefs
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
+%    {\section*{References}
+%      \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+%           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+%            \leftmargin\labelwidth
+%           \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+%             \@openbib@code
+%            \usecounter{enumiv}%
+%            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+%            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+%      \sloppy
+%      \clubpenalty4000
+%      \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
+%      \widowpenalty4000%
+%      \sfcode`\.\@m}
+%     {\def\@noitemerr
+%       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+%      \endlist}
+%\newcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em}
+%\let\@openbib@code\@empty
+%ENVIRONMENT: theindex
+\newenvironment{theindex}
+               {\if@twocolumn
+                  \@restonecolfalse
+                \else
+                  \@restonecoltrue
+                \fi
+                \columnseprule \z@
+                \columnsep 35\p@
+                \twocolumn[\section*{\indexname}]%
+                \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
+                        {\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
+                \thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
+                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
+                \let\item\@idxitem}
+               {\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
+\newcommand\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@}
+\newcommand\subitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{20\p@}}
+\newcommand\subsubitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{30\p@}}
+\newcommand\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
+%=====================
+\def\appendix{\@ifnextchar*{\@appendixstar}{\@appendix}}
+\def\@appendix{\eqnobysec\@appendixstar}
+\def\@appendixstar{\@@par
+ \ifnumbysec                         %  Added 30/4/94 to get Table A1,
+ \@addtoreset{table}{section}        %  Table B1 etc if numbering by
+ \@addtoreset{figure}{section}\fi    %  section
+ \setcounter{section}{0}
+ \setcounter{subsection}{0}
+ \setcounter{subsubsection}{0}
+ \setcounter{equation}{0}
+ \setcounter{figure}{0}
+ \setcounter{table}{0}
+ \def\thesection{Appendix \Alph{section}}   
+ \def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
+      \Alph{section}.\arabic{equation}\else
+      \Alph{section}\arabic{equation}\fi}  % Comment A\arabic{equation} maybe
+ \def\thetable{\ifnumbysec                 % better? 15/4/95
+      \Alph{section}\arabic{table}\else
+      A\arabic{table}\fi}
+ \def\thefigure{\ifnumbysec
+      \Alph{section}\arabic{figure}\else
+      A\arabic{figure}\fi}}
+\def\noappendix{\setcounter{figure}{0}
+     \setcounter{table}{0}
+     \def\thetable{\arabic{table}}
+     \def\thefigure{\arabic{figure}}}
+\setlength\arraycolsep{5\p@}
+\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}
+\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
+\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
+\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
+\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
+\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
+\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
+\renewcommand\theequation{\arabic{equation}}
+% NAME OF STRUCTURES
+\newcommand\contentsname{Contents}
+\newcommand\listfigurename{List of Figures}
+\newcommand\listtablename{List of Tables}
+\newcommand\refname{References}
+\newcommand\indexname{Index}
+\newcommand\figurename{Figure}
+\newcommand\tablename{Table}
+\newcommand\partname{Part}
+\newcommand\appendixname{Appendix}
+\newcommand\abstractname{Abstract}
+%Miscellaneous commands
+\newcommand{\BibTeX}{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
+    T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
+\newcommand{\jpcsit}{{\bfseries\itshape\selectfont Journal of Physics: Conference Series}}
+\newcommand{\jpcs}{{\itshape\selectfont Journal of Physics: Conference Series}}
+\newcommand{\iopp}{IOP Publishing}
+\newcommand{\cls}{{\upshape\selectfont\texttt{jpconf.cls}}}
+\newcommand{\corg}{conference organizer}
+\newcommand\today{\number\day\space\ifcase\month\or
+  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+  \space\number\year}
+    \setlength\columnsep{10\p@}
+\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}
+\newcommand{\Tables}{\clearpage\section*{Tables and table captions}
+\def\fps@table{hp}\noappendix}
+\newcommand{\Figures}{\clearpage\section*{Figure captions}
+    \def\fps@figure{hp}\noappendix}
+%
+\newcommand{\Figure}[1]{\begin{figure}
+  \caption{#1}
+  \end{figure}}
+%
+\newcommand{\Table}[1]{\begin{table}
+  \caption{#1}
+  \begin{indented}
+  \lineup
+  \item[]\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}}
+\def\endTable{\end{tabular}\end{indented}\end{table}}
+\let\endtab=\endTable
+%
+\newcommand{\fulltable}[1]{\begin{table}
+  \caption{#1}
+  \lineup
+  \begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{}l*{15}{@{\extracolsep{0pt plus 12pt}}l}}}
+\def\endfulltable{\end{tabular*}\end{table}}
+%BIBLIOGRAPHY and References
+%\newcommand{\Bibliography}[1]{\section*{References}\par\numrefs{#1}}
+%\newcommand{\References}{\section*{References}\par\refs}
+%\def\thebibliography#1{\list
+% {\hfil[\arabic{enumi}]}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@
+% \partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@
+% \labelsep=5\p@\itemindent=-10\p@
+% \settowidth\labelwidth{\footnotesize[#1]}%
+% \leftmargin\labelwidth
+% \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+% \advance\leftmargin -\itemindent
+% \usecounter{enumi}}\footnotesize
+% \def\newblock{\ }
+% \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+% \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
+%\let\endthebibliography=\endlist
+%\def\numrefs#1{\begin{thebibliography}{#1}}
+%\def\endnumrefs{\end{thebibliography}}
+%\let\endbib=\endnumrefs
+
+\def\thereferences{\list{}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@
+ \partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=-18\p@
+\labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=18\p@
+}\footnotesize\rm
+\def\newblock{\ }
+\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}%
+\let\endthereferences=\endlist
+% MISC EQUATRION STUFF
+%\def\[{\relax\ifmmode\@badmath\else
+% \begin{trivlist}
+% \@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty
+% \@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty
+% \item[]\leavevmode
+% \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup$ \displaystyle
+% \hskip\mathindent\bgroup\fi}
+%\def\]{\relax\ifmmode \egroup $\hfil \egroup \end{trivlist}\else \@badmath \fi}
+%\def\equation{\@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty
+% \@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty
+%\refstepcounter{equation}\trivlist \item[]\leavevmode
+% \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup $ \displaystyle
+%\hskip\mathindent}
+%\def\endequation{$\hfil \displaywidth\linewidth\@eqnnum\egroup \endtrivlist}
+%\@namedef{equation*}{\[}
+%\@namedef{endequation*}{\]}
+%\def\eqnarray{\stepcounter{equation}\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
+%\global\@eqnswtrue
+%\global\@eqcnt\z@\tabskip\mathindent\let\\=\@eqncr
+%\abovedisplayskip\topsep\ifvmode\advance\abovedisplayskip\partopsep\fi
+%\belowdisplayskip\abovedisplayskip
+%\belowdisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip
+%\abovedisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip
+%$$\halign to
+%\linewidth\bgroup\@eqnsel$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@
+% {##{}}$&\global\@eqcnt\@ne $\displaystyle{{}##{}}$\hfil
+% &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ $\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
+% \tabskip\@centering&\llap{##}\tabskip\z@\cr}
+%\def\endeqnarray{\@@eqncr\egroup
+% \global\advance\c@equation\m@ne$$\global\@ignoretrue }
+%\mathindent = 6pc
+%%
+%\def\eqalign#1{\null\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\openup\jot\m@th
+%  \ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
+%      \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
+%%
+%\def\eqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip\z@skip
+%  \halign to\displaywidth{\hspace{5pc}$\@lign\displaystyle{##}$%
+%    \tabskip\z@skip
+%    &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfill\tabskip\@centering
+%    &\llap{$\@lign\hbox{\rm##}$}\tabskip\z@skip\crcr
+%    #1\crcr}}
+%%
+\newif\ifnumbysec
+\def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
+      \arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}\else
+      \arabic{equation}\fi}
+\def\eqnobysec{\numbysectrue\@addtoreset{equation}{section}}
+\newcounter{eqnval}
+\def\numparts{\addtocounter{equation}{1}%
+     \setcounter{eqnval}{\value{equation}}%
+     \setcounter{equation}{0}%
+     \def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
+     \arabic{section}.\arabic{eqnval}{\it\alph{equation}}%
+     \else\arabic{eqnval}{\it\alph{equation}}\fi}}
+\def\endnumparts{\def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
+     \arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}\else
+     \arabic{equation}\fi}%
+     \setcounter{equation}{\value{eqnval}}}
+%
+\def\cases#1{%
+     \left\{\,\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\normalbaselines\openup1\jot\m@th%
+     \ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}\hfil$&\tqs
+     \rm##\hfil\crcr#1\crcr}}\right.}%
+\def\eqalign#1{\null\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\openup\jot\m@th
+  \ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
+      \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
+% OTHER  USEFUL BITS
+\newcommand{\e}{\mathrm{e}}
+\newcommand{\rme}{\mathrm{e}}
+\newcommand{\rmi}{\mathrm{i}}
+\newcommand{\rmd}{\mathrm{d}}
+\renewcommand{\qquad}{\hspace*{25pt}}
+\newcommand{\tdot}[1]{\stackrel{\dots}{#1}}   % Added 1/9/94
+\newcommand{\tqs}{\hspace*{25pt}}
+\newcommand{\fl}{\hspace*{-\mathindent}}
+\newcommand{\Tr}{\mathop{\mathrm{Tr}}\nolimits}
+\newcommand{\tr}{\mathop{\mathrm{tr}}\nolimits}
+\newcommand{\Or}{\mathord{\mathrm{O}}} %changed from \mathop 20/1/95
+\newcommand{\lshad}{[\![}
+\newcommand{\rshad}{]\!]}
+\newcommand{\case}[2]{{\textstyle\frac{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\pt(#1){({\it #1\/})}
+\newcommand{\dsty}{\displaystyle}
+\newcommand{\tsty}{\textstyle}
+\newcommand{\ssty}{\scriptstyle}
+\newcommand{\sssty}{\scriptscriptstyle}
+\def\lo#1{\llap{${}#1{}$}}
+\def\eql{\llap{${}={}$}}
+\def\lsim{\llap{${}\sim{}$}}
+\def\lsimeq{\llap{${}\simeq{}$}}
+\def\lequiv{\llap{${}\equiv{}$}}
+%
+\newcommand{\eref}[1]{(\ref{#1})}
+%\newcommand{\eqref}[1]{Equation (\ref{#1})}
+%\newcommand{\Eqref}[1]{Equation (\ref{#1})}
+\newcommand{\sref}[1]{section~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\fref}[1]{figure~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\tref}[1]{table~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Sref}[1]{Section~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Fref}[1]{Figure~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Tref}[1]{Table~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\opencircle}{\mbox{\Large$\circ\,$}}  % moved Large outside maths
+\newcommand{\opensquare}{\mbox{$\rlap{$\sqcap$}\sqcup$}}
+\newcommand{\opentriangle}{\mbox{$\triangle$}}
+\newcommand{\opentriangledown}{\mbox{$\bigtriangledown$}}
+\newcommand{\opendiamond}{\mbox{$\diamondsuit$}}
+\newcommand{\fullcircle}{\mbox{{\Large$\bullet\,$}}} % moved Large outside maths
+\newcommand{\fullsquare}{\,\vrule height5pt depth0pt width5pt}
+\newcommand{\dotted}{\protect\mbox{${\mathinner{\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp}}$}}
+\newcommand{\dashed}{\protect\mbox{-\; -\; -\; -}}
+\newcommand{\broken}{\protect\mbox{-- -- --}}
+\newcommand{\longbroken}{\protect\mbox{--- --- ---}}
+\newcommand{\chain}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ ---}}
+\newcommand{\dashddot}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ $\cdot$ ---}}
+\newcommand{\full}{\protect\mbox{------}}
+
+\def\;{\protect\psemicolon}
+\def\psemicolon{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thickmuskip\else\kern .3333em\fi}
+\def\lineup{\def\0{\hbox{\phantom{0}}}%
+    \def\m{\hbox{$\phantom{-}$}}%
+    \def\-{\llap{$-$}}}
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Tables rules      %
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\newcommand{\boldarrayrulewidth}{1\p@} 
+% Width of bold rule in tabular environment.
+
+\def\bhline{\noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height  
+\boldarrayrulewidth \futurelet \@tempa\@xhline}
+
+\def\@xhline{\ifx\@tempa\hline\vskip \doublerulesep\fi
+      \ifnum0=`{\fi}}
+
+%
+% Rules for tables with extra space around
+%
+\newcommand{\br}{\ms\bhline\ms}
+\newcommand{\mr}{\ms\hline\ms}
+%
+\newcommand{\centre}[2]{\multispan{#1}{\hfill #2\hfill}}
+\newcommand{\crule}[1]{\multispan{#1}{\hspace*{\tabcolsep}\hrulefill
+  \hspace*{\tabcolsep}}}
+\newcommand{\fcrule}[1]{\ifnum\thetabtype=1\multispan{#1}{\hrulefill
+  \hspace*{\tabcolsep}}\else\multispan{#1}{\hrulefill}\fi}
+%
+% Extra spaces for tables and displayed equations
+%
+\newcommand{\ms}{\noalign{\vspace{3\p@ plus2\p@ minus1\p@}}}
+\newcommand{\bs}{\noalign{\vspace{6\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@}}}
+\newcommand{\ns}{\noalign{\vspace{-3\p@ plus-1\p@ minus-1\p@}}}
+\newcommand{\es}{\noalign{\vspace{6\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@}}\displaystyle}%
+%
+\newcommand{\etal}{{\it et al\/}\ }
+\newcommand{\dash}{------}
+\newcommand{\nonum}{\par\item[]}                %\par added 1/9/93
+\newcommand{\mat}[1]{\underline{\underline{#1}}}
+%
+% abbreviations for IOPP journals
+%
+\newcommand{\CQG}{{\it Class. Quantum Grav.} }
+\newcommand{\CTM}{{\it Combust. Theory Modelling\/} }
+\newcommand{\DSE}{{\it Distrib. Syst. Engng\/} }
+\newcommand{\EJP}{{\it Eur. J. Phys.} } 
+\newcommand{\HPP}{{\it High Perform. Polym.} }              % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\IP}{{\it Inverse Problems\/} }
+\newcommand{\JHM}{{\it J. Hard Mater.} }                    % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\JO}{{\it J. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JOA}{{\it J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JOB}{{\it J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JPA}{{\it J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.} }
+\newcommand{\JPB}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys.} }      %1968-87
+\newcommand{\jpb}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.} } %1988 and onwards
+\newcommand{\JPC}{{\it J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys.} }   %1968--1988
+\newcommand{\JPCM}{{\it J. Phys.: Condens. Matter\/} }    %1989 and onwards
+\newcommand{\JPD}{{\it J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JPE}{{\it J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum.} }
+\newcommand{\JPF}{{\it J. Phys. F: Met. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JPG}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys.} }         %1975--1988
+\newcommand{\jpg}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.} }   %1989 and onwards
+\newcommand{\MSMSE}{{\it Modelling Simulation Mater. Sci. Eng.} }
+\newcommand{\MST}{{\it Meas. Sci. Technol.} }                 %1990 and onwards
+\newcommand{\NET}{{\it Network: Comput. Neural Syst.} }
+\newcommand{\NJP}{{\it New J. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\NL}{{\it Nonlinearity\/} }
+\newcommand{\NT}{{\it Nanotechnology} }
+\newcommand{\PAO}{{\it Pure Appl. Optics\/} }
+\newcommand{\PM}{{\it Physiol. Meas.} }                        % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\PMB}{{\it Phys. Med. Biol.} }
+\newcommand{\PPCF}{{\it Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion\/} }      % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\PSST}{{\it Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\PUS}{{\it Public Understand. Sci.} }
+\newcommand{\QO}{{\it Quantum Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\QSO}{{\em Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\RPP}{{\it Rep. Prog. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\SLC}{{\it Sov. Lightwave Commun.} }               % added 4/5/93 
+\newcommand{\SST}{{\it Semicond. Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\SUST}{{\it Supercond. Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\WRM}{{\it Waves Random Media\/} }
+\newcommand{\JMM}{{\it J. Micromech. Microeng.\/} }
+%
+% Other commonly quoted journals
+%
+\newcommand{\AC}{{\it Acta Crystallogr.} }
+\newcommand{\AM}{{\it Acta Metall.} }
+\newcommand{\AP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Lpz.} }
+\newcommand{\APNY}{{\it Ann. Phys., NY\/} }
+\newcommand{\APP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Paris\/} }
+\newcommand{\CJP}{{\it Can. J. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JAP}{{\it J. Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JCP}{{\it J. Chem. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JJAP}{{\it Japan. J. Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JP}{{\it J. Physique\/} }
+\newcommand{\JPhCh}{{\it J. Phys. Chem.} }
+\newcommand{\JMMM}{{\it J. Magn. Magn. Mater.} }
+\newcommand{\JMP}{{\it J. Math. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JOSA}{{\it J. Opt. Soc. Am.} }
+\newcommand{\JPSJ}{{\it J. Phys. Soc. Japan\/} }
+\newcommand{\JQSRT}{{\it J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer\/} }
+\newcommand{\NC}{{\it Nuovo Cimento\/} }
+\newcommand{\NIM}{{\it Nucl. Instrum. Methods\/} }
+\newcommand{\NP}{{\it Nucl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\PL}{{\it Phys. Lett.} }
+\newcommand{\PR}{{\it Phys. Rev.} }
+\newcommand{\PRL}{{\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} }
+\newcommand{\PRS}{{\it Proc. R. Soc.} }
+\newcommand{\PS}{{\it Phys. Scr.} }
+\newcommand{\PSS}{{\it Phys. Status Solidi\/} }
+\newcommand{\PTRS}{{\it Phil. Trans. R. Soc.} }
+\newcommand{\RMP}{{\it Rev. Mod. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\RSI}{{\it Rev. Sci. Instrum.} }
+\newcommand{\SSC}{{\it Solid State Commun.} }
+\newcommand{\ZP}{{\it Z. Phys.} }
+%===================
+\pagestyle{headings}
+\pagenumbering{arabic}
+\raggedbottom
+\onecolumn
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `jconf.cls'.

contributions/ds_eoscpilot/jpconf11.clo

+%% 
+%% This is file `jpconf11.clo'
+%% 
+%% This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 
+%% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 
+%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 
+%% 
+%% \CharacterTable
+%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
+%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
+%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
+%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
+%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
+%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
+%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
+%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
+%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
+%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
+%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
+\ProvidesFile{jpconf11.clo}[2005/05/04 v1.0 LaTeX2e file (size option)]
+\renewcommand\normalsize{%
+   \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xipt{13}%
+   \abovedisplayskip 12\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus7\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 6.5\p@ \@plus3.5\p@ \@minus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+   \let\@listi\@listI}
+\normalsize
+\newcommand\small{%
+   \@setfontsize\small\@xpt{12}%
+   \abovedisplayskip 11\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus6\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 6.5\p@ \@plus3.5\p@ \@minus3\p@
+   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+               \topsep 9\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus5\p@
+               \parsep 4.5\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
+               \itemsep \parsep}%
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip}
+\newcommand\footnotesize{%
+%   \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@xpt\@xiipt
+   \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@ixpt{11}%
+   \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@
+   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+               \topsep 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
+               \parsep 3\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
+               \itemsep \parsep}%
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+}
+\newcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viiipt{9.5}}
+\newcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vipt\@viipt}
+\newcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xivpt{18}}
+\newcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xviipt{22}}
+\newcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xxpt{25}}
+\newcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxvpt{30}}
+\let\Huge=\huge
+\if@twocolumn
+  \setlength\parindent{14\p@}
+ \else
+  \setlength\parindent{18\p@}
+\fi
+\if@letterpaper%
+%\input{letmarg.tex}%
+\setlength{\hoffset}{0mm}
+\setlength{\marginparsep}{0mm}
+\setlength{\marginparwidth}{0mm}
+\setlength{\textwidth}{160mm}
+\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-0.4mm}
+\setlength{\evensidemargin}{-0.4mm}
+\setlength{\voffset}{0mm}
+\setlength{\headheight}{8mm}
+\setlength{\headsep}{5mm}
+\setlength{\footskip}{0mm}
+\setlength{\textheight}{230mm}
+\setlength{\topmargin}{1.6mm}
+\else
+%\input{a4marg.tex}%
+\setlength{\hoffset}{0mm}
+\setlength{\marginparsep}{0mm}
+\setlength{\marginparwidth}{0mm}
+\setlength{\textwidth}{160mm}
+\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-0.4mm}
+\setlength{\evensidemargin}{-0.4mm}
+\setlength{\voffset}{0mm}
+\setlength{\headheight}{8mm}
+\setlength{\headsep}{5mm}
+\setlength{\footskip}{0mm}
+\setlength{\textheight}{230mm}
+\setlength{\topmargin}{1.6mm}
+\fi
+\setlength\maxdepth{.5\topskip}
+\setlength\@maxdepth\maxdepth
+\setlength\footnotesep{8.4\p@}
+\setlength{\skip\footins} {10.8\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\floatsep       {14\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\textfloatsep   {24\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\intextsep      {16\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\dblfloatsep    {16\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\dbltextfloatsep{24\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\@fptop{0\p@}
+\setlength\@fpsep{10\p@ \@plus 1fil}
+\setlength\@fpbot{0\p@}
+\setlength\@dblfptop{0\p@}
+\setlength\@dblfpsep{10\p@ \@plus 1fil}
+\setlength\@dblfpbot{0\p@}
+\setlength\partopsep{3\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+     \parsep=\z@
+     \topsep=6\p@  \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@
+     \itemsep=3\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus1\p@}
+\let\@listi\@listI
+\@listi
+\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginii
+     \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep=3\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
+     \parsep=\z@
+     \itemsep=\parsep}
+\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiii
+     \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep=\z@
+     \parsep=\z@
+     \partopsep=\z@
+     \itemsep=\z@}
+\def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiv
+     \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginv
+     \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginvi
+     \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\endinput
+%% 
+%% End of file `iopart12.clo'.

contributions/ds_infn_cc/artifact/iopams.sty

+%% 
+%% This is file `iopams.sty'
+%% File to include AMS fonts and extra definitions for bold greek 
+%% characters for use with iopart.cls
+%%
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesPackage{iopams}[1997/02/13 v1.0]
+\RequirePackage{amsgen}[1995/01/01]
+\RequirePackage{amsfonts}[1995/01/01]
+\RequirePackage{amssymb}[1995/01/01]
+\RequirePackage{amsbsy}[1995/01/01]
+%
+\iopamstrue   % \newif\ifiopams in iopart.cls & iopbk2e.cls
+%             % allows optional text to be in author guidelines
+%
+% Bold lower case Greek letters
+%
+\newcommand{\balpha}{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}
+\newcommand{\bbeta}{\boldsymbol{\beta}}
+\newcommand{\bgamma}{\boldsymbol{\gamma}}
+\newcommand{\bdelta}{\boldsymbol{\delta}}
+\newcommand{\bepsilon}{\boldsymbol{\epsilon}}
+\newcommand{\bzeta}{\boldsymbol{\zeta}}
+\newcommand{\bfeta}{\boldsymbol{\eta}}
+\newcommand{\btheta}{\boldsymbol{\theta}}
+\newcommand{\biota}{\boldsymbol{\iota}}
+\newcommand{\bkappa}{\boldsymbol{\kappa}}
+\newcommand{\blambda}{\boldsymbol{\lambda}}
+\newcommand{\bmu}{\boldsymbol{\mu}}
+\newcommand{\bnu}{\boldsymbol{\nu}}
+\newcommand{\bxi}{\boldsymbol{\xi}}
+\newcommand{\bpi}{\boldsymbol{\pi}}
+\newcommand{\brho}{\boldsymbol{\rho}}
+\newcommand{\bsigma}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}
+\newcommand{\btau}{\boldsymbol{\tau}}
+\newcommand{\bupsilon}{\boldsymbol{\upsilon}}
+\newcommand{\bphi}{\boldsymbol{\phi}}
+\newcommand{\bchi}{\boldsymbol{\chi}}
+\newcommand{\bpsi}{\boldsymbol{\psi}}
+\newcommand{\bomega}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}
+\newcommand{\bvarepsilon}{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}
+\newcommand{\bvartheta}{\boldsymbol{\vartheta}}
+\newcommand{\bvaromega}{\boldsymbol{\varomega}}
+\newcommand{\bvarrho}{\boldsymbol{\varrho}}
+\newcommand{\bvarzeta}{\boldsymbol{\varsigma}}  %NB really sigma
+\newcommand{\bvarsigma}{\boldsymbol{\varsigma}}
+\newcommand{\bvarphi}{\boldsymbol{\varphi}}
+%
+% Bold upright capital Greek letters
+%
+\newcommand{\bGamma}{\boldsymbol{\Gamma}}
+\newcommand{\bDelta}{\boldsymbol{\Delta}}
+\newcommand{\bTheta}{\boldsymbol{\Theta}}
+\newcommand{\bLambda}{\boldsymbol{\Lambda}}
+\newcommand{\bXi}{\boldsymbol{\Xi}}
+\newcommand{\bPi}{\boldsymbol{\Pi}}
+\newcommand{\bSigma}{\boldsymbol{\Sigma}}
+\newcommand{\bUpsilon}{\boldsymbol{\Upsilon}}
+\newcommand{\bPhi}{\boldsymbol{\Phi}}
+\newcommand{\bPsi}{\boldsymbol{\Psi}}
+\newcommand{\bOmega}{\boldsymbol{\Omega}}
+%
+% Bold versions of miscellaneous symbols
+%
+\newcommand{\bpartial}{\boldsymbol{\partial}}
+\newcommand{\bell}{\boldsymbol{\ell}}
+\newcommand{\bimath}{\boldsymbol{\imath}}
+\newcommand{\bjmath}{\boldsymbol{\jmath}}
+\newcommand{\binfty}{\boldsymbol{\infty}}
+\newcommand{\bnabla}{\boldsymbol{\nabla}}
+\newcommand{\bdot}{\boldsymbol{\cdot}}
+%
+% Symbols for caption
+%
+\renewcommand{\opensquare}{\mbox{$\square$}}
+\renewcommand{\opentriangle}{\mbox{$\vartriangle$}}
+\renewcommand{\opentriangledown}{\mbox{$\triangledown$}}
+\renewcommand{\opendiamond}{\mbox{$\lozenge$}}
+\renewcommand{\fullsquare}{\mbox{$\blacksquare$}}
+\newcommand{\fulldiamond}{\mbox{$\blacklozenge$}}
+\newcommand{\fullstar}{\mbox{$\bigstar$}}
+\newcommand{\fulltriangle}{\mbox{$\blacktriangle$}}
+\newcommand{\fulltriangledown}{\mbox{$\blacktriangledown$}}
+
+\endinput
+%% 
+%% End of file `iopams.sty'.

contributions/ds_infn_cc/artifact/jpconf.cls

+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesClass{jpconf}
+              [2007/03/07 v1.1
+ LaTeX class for Journal of Physics: Conference Series]
+%\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\newcommand\@ptsize{1}
+\newif\if@restonecol
+\newif\if@letterpaper
+\newif\if@titlepage
+\newif\ifiopams
+\@titlepagefalse
+\@letterpaperfalse
+\DeclareOption{a4paper}
+   {\setlength\paperheight {297mm}%
+    \setlength\paperwidth  {210mm}%
+\@letterpaperfalse}
+\DeclareOption{letterpaper}
+   {\setlength\paperheight {279.4mm}%
+    \setlength\paperwidth  {215.9mm}%
+\@letterpapertrue}
+\DeclareOption{landscape}
+   {\setlength\@tempdima   {\paperheight}%
+    \setlength\paperheight {\paperwidth}%
+    \setlength\paperwidth  {\@tempdima}}
+\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue  \@mparswitchtrue}
+\renewcommand\@ptsize{1}
+%\ExecuteOptions{A4paper, twoside}
+\ExecuteOptions{A4paper}
+\ProcessOptions
+\DeclareMathAlphabet{\bi}{OML}{cmm}{b}{it}
+\DeclareMathAlphabet{\bcal}{OMS}{cmsy}{b}{n}
+\input{jpconf1\@ptsize.clo}
+\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}
+\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}
+\renewcommand\baselinestretch{}
+\setlength\parskip{0\p@ \@plus \p@}
+\@lowpenalty   51
+\@medpenalty  151
+\@highpenalty 301
+\setlength\parindent{5mm}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{8}
+\renewcommand\topfraction{1}
+\setcounter{bottomnumber}{3}
+\renewcommand\bottomfraction{.99}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{8}
+\renewcommand\textfraction{0.01}
+\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.8}
+\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{6}
+\renewcommand\dbltopfraction{1}
+\renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{.8}
+\renewcommand{\title}{\@ifnextchar[{\@stitle}{\@ftitle}}
+\pretolerance=5000
+\tolerance=8000
+% Headings for all pages apart from first
+%
+\def\ps@headings{%
+     \let\@oddfoot\@empty
+     \let\@evenfoot\@empty
+     \let\@oddhead\@empty
+     \let\@evenhead\@empty
+      %\def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\itshape\rightmark}%
+      %\def\@oddhead{{\itshape\leftmark}\hfil\thepage}%
+      %\def\@evenhead{{\itshape Journal of Physics: Conference Series}\hfill}%
+      %\def\@oddhead{\hfill {\itshape Journal of Physics: Conference Series}}%%
+      \let\@mkboth\markboth
+      \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+      \let\subsectionmark\@gobble}
+%
+% Headings for first page
+%
+\def\ps@myheadings{\let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
+    \let\@oddhead\@empty\let\@evenhead\@empty
+    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+    \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+    \let\subsectionmark\@gobble}
+%
+\def\@stitle[#1]#2{\markboth{#1}{#1}%
+    %\pagestyle{empty}%
+     \thispagestyle{myheadings}
+    \vspace*{25mm}{\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000 
+    %\Large
+\fontsize{18bp}{24bp}\selectfont\bf\raggedright\noindent#2\par}}
+\def\@ftitle#1{\markboth{#1}{#1}%
+    \thispagestyle{myheadings}
+%\pagestyle{empty}%
+    \vspace*{25mm}{\exhyphenpenalty=10000\hyphenpenalty=10000 
+    %\Large\raggedright\noindent\bf#1\par}
+\fontsize{18bp}{24bp}\selectfont\bf\noindent\raggedright#1\par}}
+%AUTHOR
+\renewcommand{\author}{\@ifnextchar[{\@sauthor}{\@fauthor}}
+\def\@sauthor[#1]#2{\markright{#1}    % for production only
+   \vspace*{1.5pc}%
+   \begin{indented}%
+   \item[]\normalsize\bf\raggedright#2
+   \end{indented}%
+   \smallskip}
+\def\@fauthor#1{%\markright{#1} for production only
+   \vspace*{1.5pc}%
+   \begin{indented}%
+   \item[]\normalsize\bf\raggedright#1
+   \end{indented}%
+   \smallskip}
+%E-MAIL
+\def\eads#1{\vspace*{5pt}\address{E-mail: #1}}
+\def\ead#1{\vspace*{5pt}\address{E-mail: \mailto{#1}}}
+\def\mailto#1{{\tt #1}}
+%ADDRESS
+\newcommand{\address}[1]{\begin{indented}
+   \item[]\rm\raggedright #1
+   \end{indented}}
+\newlength{\indentedwidth}
+\newdimen\mathindent
+\mathindent = 6pc
+\indentedwidth=\mathindent
+% FOOTNOTES
+%\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
+%  \kern-3\p@
+%  \hrule\@width.4\columnwidth
+%  \kern2.6\p@}
+%\newcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
+%    \parindent 1em%
+%    \noindent
+%    \hb@xt@1.8em{\hss\@makefnmark}#1}
+% Footnotes: symbols selected in same order as address indicators
+% unless optional argument of [<num>] use to specify required symbol, 
+% 1=\dag, 2=\ddag, etc
+% Usage: \footnote{Text of footnote}
+%        \footnote[3]{Text of footnote}
+%
+\def\footnoterule{}%
+\setcounter{footnote}{0}
+\long\def\@makefntext#1{\parindent 1em\noindent 
+ \makebox[1em][l]{\footnotesize\rm$\m@th{\fnsymbol{footnote}}$}%
+ \footnotesize\rm #1}
+\def\@makefnmark{\normalfnmark}
+\def\normalfnmark{\hbox{${\fnsymbol{footnote}}\m@th$}}
+\def\altfnmark{\hbox{$^{\rm Note}\ {\fnsymbol{footnote}}\m@th$}}
+\def\footNote#1{\let\@makefnmark\altfnmark\footnote{#1}\let\@makefnmark\normalfnmark}
+\def\@thefnmark{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
+\def\footnote{\protect\pfootnote}
+\def\pfootnote{\@ifnextchar[{\@xfootnote}{\stepcounter{\@mpfn}%
+       \begingroup\let\protect\noexpand
+       \xdef\@thefnmark{\thempfn}\endgroup
+     \@footnotemark\@footnotetext}}
+\def\@xfootnote[#1]{\setcounter{footnote}{#1}%
+   \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnote}
+
+\newcommand\ftnote{\protect\pftnote}
+\newcommand\pftnote[1]{\setcounter{footnote}{#1}%
+   \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnote}
+\newcommand{\fnm}[1]{\setcounter{footnote}{#1}\footnotetext}
+
+\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ifnum\thefootnote=99\hbox{*}\else^{\thefootnote}\fi\relax}
+%
+% Address marker
+%
+\newcommand{\ad}[1]{\noindent\hbox{$^{#1}$}\relax}
+\newcommand{\adnote}[2]{\noindent\hbox{$^{#1,}$}\setcounter{footnote}{#2}%
+   \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}\footnote}
+\def\@tnote{}
+\newcounter{oldftnote}
+\newcommand{\tnote}[1]{*\gdef\@tnote{%
+   \setcounter{oldftnote}{\c@footnote}%
+   \setcounter{footnote}{99}%
+   \footnotetext{#1}%
+   \setcounter{footnote}{\c@oldftnote}\addtocounter{footnote}{-1}}}
+%==================
+% Acknowledgments (no heading if letter)
+% Usage \ack for Acknowledgments, \ackn for Acknowledgement
+\def\ack{\section*{Acknowledgments}}
+\def\ackn{\section*{Acknowledgment}}
+%SECTION DEFINITIONS
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+\newcounter {section}
+\newcounter {subsection}[section]
+\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
+\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
+\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]
+\renewcommand \thesection {\arabic{section}}
+\renewcommand\thesubsection   {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
+\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection .\arabic{subsubsection}}
+\renewcommand\theparagraph    {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}
+\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}}
+%\nosections
+\def\nosections{\vspace{30\p@ plus12\p@ minus12\p@}
+    \noindent\ignorespaces}
+
+%\renewcommand{\@startsection}[6]
+%{%
+%\if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi
+%\par
+%  \@tempskipa #4\relax
+%%\@tempskipa 0pt\relax
+%  \@afterindenttrue
+%  \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@
+%    \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse
+%  \fi
+%  \if@nobreak
+%    \everypar{}%
+%  \else
+%    \addpenalty\@secpenalty\addvspace\@tempskipa
+%  \fi
+%  \@ifstar
+%    {\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}%
+%    {\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}}
+%\renewcommand{\@sect}[8]{%
+%  \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+%    \let\@svsec\@empty
+%  \else
+%   \refstepcounter{#1}%
+%    \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
+%  \fi
+%  \@tempskipa #5\relax
+%  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+%    \begingroup
+%      #6{%
+%        \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
+%          \interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}%
+%    \endgroup
+%    \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
+%    \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
+%      \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+%        \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
+%      \fi
+%      #7}%
+%  \else
+%    \def\@svsechd{%
+%      #6{\hskip #3\relax
+%      \@svsec #8}%
+%      \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
+%      \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
+%        \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+%          \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
+%        \fi
+%        #7}}%
+%  \fi
+% \@xsect{#5}}
+%\renewcommand{\@xsect}[1]{%
+%  \@tempskipa #1\relax
+%  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+%    \par \nobreak
+%    \vskip \@tempskipa
+%    \@afterheading
+%  \else
+%    \@nobreakfalse
+%    \global\@noskipsectrue
+%    \everypar{%
+%      \if@noskipsec
+%        \global\@noskipsecfalse
+%       {\setbox\z@\lastbox}%
+%        \clubpenalty\@M
+%        \begingroup \@svsechd \endgroup
+%        \unskip
+%        \@tempskipa #1\relax
+%        \hskip -\@tempskipa
+%      \else
+%        \clubpenalty \@clubpenalty
+%        \everypar{}%
+%      \fi}%
+%  \fi
+%  \ignorespaces}
+%========================================================================
+\newcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
+                   {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+                   {1sp}%
+                   {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries\raggedright}}
+\newcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+                   {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+                   {1sp}%
+                   {\reset@font\normalsize\itshape\raggedright}}
+\newcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+                                     {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+                                     {-1em \@plus .2em}%
+                                     {\reset@font\normalsize\itshape}}
+\newcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                                    {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}%
+                                    {-1em}%
+                                    {\reset@font\normalsize\itshape}}
+\newcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
+                                       {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
+                                       {-1em}%
+                                      {\reset@font\normalsize\itshape}}
+\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+     \let\@svsec\@empty\else
+     \refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname. }\fi
+     \@tempskipa #5\relax
+      \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+        \begingroup #6\relax
+          \noindent{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M #8\par}%
+        \endgroup
+       \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline
+         {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+                      \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
+                    #7}\else
+        \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\relax  %% \relax added 2 May 90
+                   \@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
+                      {#7}\addcontentsline
+                           {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+                             \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
+                       #7}}\fi
+     \@xsect{#5}}
+%
+\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{\@tempskipa #3\relax
+   \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+     \begingroup #4\noindent{\hskip #1}{\interlinepenalty \@M #5\par}\endgroup
+   \else \def\@svsechd{#4\hskip #1\relax #5}\fi
+    \@xsect{#3}}
+% LIST DEFINITIONS
+\setlength\leftmargini  {2em}
+\leftmargin  \leftmargini
+\setlength\leftmarginii  {2em}
+\setlength\leftmarginiii {1.8em}
+\setlength\leftmarginiv  {1.6em}
+  \setlength\leftmarginv  {1em}
+  \setlength\leftmarginvi {1em}
+\setlength\leftmargin{\leftmargini}
+\setlength  \labelsep  {.5em}
+\setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
+\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
+\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\@endparpenalty   -\@lowpenalty
+\@itempenalty     -\@lowpenalty
+\renewcommand\theenumi{\roman{enumi}}
+\renewcommand\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
+\renewcommand\theenumiii{\arabic{enumiii}}
+\renewcommand\theenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}}
+\newcommand\labelenumi{(\theenumi)}
+\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
+\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
+\newcommand\labelenumiv{(\theenumiv)}
+\renewcommand\p@enumii{(\theenumi)}
+\renewcommand\p@enumiii{(\theenumi.\theenumii)}
+\renewcommand\p@enumiv{(\theenumi.\theenumii.\theenumiii)}
+\newcommand\labelitemi{$\m@th\bullet$}
+\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries --}
+\newcommand\labelitemiii{$\m@th\ast$}
+\newcommand\labelitemiv{$\m@th\cdot$}
+\renewcommand \theequation {\@arabic\c@equation}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%% Figures
+\newcounter{figure}
+\renewcommand\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
+\def\fps@figure{tbp}
+\def\ftype@figure{1}
+\def\ext@figure{lof}
+\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
+\newenvironment{figure}{\footnotesize\rm\@float{figure}}%
+    {\end@float\normalsize\rm}
+\newenvironment{figure*}{\footnotesize\rm\@dblfloat{figure}}{\end@dblfloat}
+\newcounter{table}
+\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
+\def\fps@table{tbp}
+\def\ftype@table{2}
+\def\ext@table{lot}
+\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
+\newenvironment{table}{\footnotesize\rm\@float{table}}%
+   {\end@float\normalsize\rm}
+\newenvironment{table*}{\footnotesize\rm\@dblfloat{table}}%
+   {\end@dblfloat\normalsize\rm}
+\newlength\abovecaptionskip
+\newlength\belowcaptionskip
+\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
+\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
+%Table Environments
+%\newenvironment{tableref}[3][\textwidth]{%
+%\begin{center}%
+%\begin{table}%
+%\captionsetup[table]{width=#1}
+%\centering\caption{\label{#2}#3}}{\end{table}\end{center}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\newcounter{figure}
+%\renewcommand \thefigure {\@arabic\c@figure}
+%\def\fps@figure{tbp}
+%\def\ftype@figure{1}
+%\def\ext@figure{lof}
+%\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
+%ENVIRONMENT: figure
+%\newenvironment{figure}
+%               {\@float{figure}}
+%               {\end@float}
+%ENVIRONMENT: figure*
+%\newenvironment{figure*}
+%               {\@dblfloat{figure}}
+%               {\end@dblfloat}
+%ENVIRONMENT: table
+%\newcounter{table}
+%\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
+%\def\fps@table{tbp}
+%\def\ftype@table{2}
+%\def\ext@table{lot}
+%\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
+%\newenvironment{table}
+%               {\@float{table}}
+%               {\end@float}
+%ENVIRONMENT: table*
+%\newenvironment{table*}
+%               {\@dblfloat{table}}
+%               {\end@dblfloat}
+%\newlength\abovecaptionskip
+%\newlength\belowcaptionskip
+%\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
+%\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
+% CAPTIONS
+% Added redefinition of \@caption so captions are not written to 
+% aux file therefore less need to \protect fragile commands
+%
+\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore
+    \normalsize
+    \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
+  \endgroup}
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
+  \sbox\@tempboxa{{\bf #1.} #2}%
+ \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
+   {\bf #1.} #2\par
+ \else
+    \global \@minipagefalse
+    \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+  \fi
+  \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal}
+%\newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
+%\newcommand\@tocrmarg{2.55em}
+%\newcommand\@dotsep{4.5}
+%\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+%\newcommand\tableofcontents{%
+%    \section*{\contentsname
+%        \@mkboth{%
+%           \MakeUppercase\contentsname}{\MakeUppercase\contentsname}}%
+%    \@starttoc{toc}%
+%    }
+%\newcommand*\l@part[2]{%
+%  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax
+%    \addpenalty\@secpenalty
+%    \addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}%
+%    \begingroup
+%      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+%      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+%      {\leavevmode
+%       \large \bfseries #1\hfil \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
+%       \nobreak
+%       \if@compatibility
+%         \global\@nobreaktrue
+%         \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}%
+%      \fi
+%    \endgroup
+%  \fi}
+%\newcommand*\l@section[2]{%
+%  \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\z@
+%    \addpenalty\@secpenalty
+%    \addvspace{1.0em \@plus\p@}%
+%    \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
+%    \begingroup
+%      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+%      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+%      \leavevmode \bfseries
+%      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
+%      \hskip -\leftskip
+%      #1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
+%    \endgroup
+%  \fi}
+%\newcommand*\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+%\newcommand*\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
+%\newcommand*\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
+%\newcommand*\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
+%\newcommand\listoffigures{%
+%    \section*{\listfigurename
+%      \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}%
+%              {\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}}%
+%    \@starttoc{lof}%
+%    }
+%\newcommand*\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+%\newcommand\listoftables{%
+%    \section*{\listtablename
+%      \@mkboth{%
+%          \MakeUppercase\listtablename}{\MakeUppercase\listtablename}}%
+%    \@starttoc{lot}%
+%    }
+%\let\l@table\l@figure
+%======================================
+%ENVIRONMENTS
+%======================================
+%ENVIRONMENT: indented
+\newenvironment{indented}{\begin{indented}}{\end{indented}}
+\newenvironment{varindent}[1]{\begin{varindent}{#1}}{\end{varindent}}
+%
+\def\indented{\list{}{\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=0\p@
+   \labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=\mathindent\topsep=0\p@\partopsep=0\p@
+   \parsep=0\p@\listparindent=15\p@}\footnotesize\rm}
+\let\endindented=\endlist 
+\def\varindent#1{\setlength{\varind}{#1}%
+   \list{}{\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=0\p@
+   \labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=\varind\topsep=0\p@\partopsep=0\p@
+   \parsep=0\p@\listparindent=15\p@}\footnotesize\rm}
+\let\endvarindent=\endlist 
+%ENVIRONMENT: abstract
+\newenvironment{abstract}{%
+      \vspace{16pt plus3pt minus3pt}
+      \begin{indented}
+      \item[]{\bfseries \abstractname.}\quad\rm\ignorespaces} 
+      {\end{indented}\vspace{10mm}}
+%ENVIRONMENT: description
+\newenvironment{description}
+               {\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
+                        \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
+               {\endlist}
+\newcommand\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                \normalfont\bfseries #1}
+%ENVIRONMENT: quotation
+\newenvironment{quotation}
+               {\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em%
+                        \itemindent    \listparindent
+                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
+                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
+                \item[]}
+               {\endlist}
+%ENVIRONMENT: quote
+\newenvironment{quote}
+               {\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
+                \item[]}
+               {\endlist}
+%ENVIRONMENT: verse
+\newenvironment{verse}
+               {\let\\=\@centercr
+                \list{}{\itemsep      \z@
+                        \itemindent   -1.5em%
+                        \listparindent\itemindent
+                        \rightmargin  \leftmargin
+                        \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
+                \item[]}
+               {\endlist}
+%ENVIRONMENT: bibliography
+\newdimen\bibindent
+\setlength\bibindent{1.5em}
+\def\thebibliography#1{\list
+ {\hfil[\arabic{enumi}]}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@
+ \partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@
+ \labelsep=5\p@\itemindent=-10\p@
+ \settowidth\labelwidth{\footnotesize[#1]}%
+ \leftmargin\labelwidth
+ \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+ \advance\leftmargin -\itemindent
+ \usecounter{enumi}}\footnotesize
+ \def\newblock{\ }
+ \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+ \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
+\let\endthebibliography=\endlist
+\def\numrefs#1{\begin{thebibliography}{#1}}
+\def\endnumrefs{\end{thebibliography}}
+\let\endbib=\endnumrefs
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
+%    {\section*{References}
+%      \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+%           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+%            \leftmargin\labelwidth
+%           \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+%             \@openbib@code
+%            \usecounter{enumiv}%
+%            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+%            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+%      \sloppy
+%      \clubpenalty4000
+%      \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
+%      \widowpenalty4000%
+%      \sfcode`\.\@m}
+%     {\def\@noitemerr
+%       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+%      \endlist}
+%\newcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em}
+%\let\@openbib@code\@empty
+%ENVIRONMENT: theindex
+\newenvironment{theindex}
+               {\if@twocolumn
+                  \@restonecolfalse
+                \else
+                  \@restonecoltrue
+                \fi
+                \columnseprule \z@
+                \columnsep 35\p@
+                \twocolumn[\section*{\indexname}]%
+                \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
+                        {\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
+                \thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
+                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
+                \let\item\@idxitem}
+               {\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
+\newcommand\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@}
+\newcommand\subitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{20\p@}}
+\newcommand\subsubitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{30\p@}}
+\newcommand\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
+%=====================
+\def\appendix{\@ifnextchar*{\@appendixstar}{\@appendix}}
+\def\@appendix{\eqnobysec\@appendixstar}
+\def\@appendixstar{\@@par
+ \ifnumbysec                         %  Added 30/4/94 to get Table A1,
+ \@addtoreset{table}{section}        %  Table B1 etc if numbering by
+ \@addtoreset{figure}{section}\fi    %  section
+ \setcounter{section}{0}
+ \setcounter{subsection}{0}
+ \setcounter{subsubsection}{0}
+ \setcounter{equation}{0}
+ \setcounter{figure}{0}
+ \setcounter{table}{0}
+ \def\thesection{Appendix \Alph{section}}   
+ \def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
+      \Alph{section}.\arabic{equation}\else
+      \Alph{section}\arabic{equation}\fi}  % Comment A\arabic{equation} maybe
+ \def\thetable{\ifnumbysec                 % better? 15/4/95
+      \Alph{section}\arabic{table}\else
+      A\arabic{table}\fi}
+ \def\thefigure{\ifnumbysec
+      \Alph{section}\arabic{figure}\else
+      A\arabic{figure}\fi}}
+\def\noappendix{\setcounter{figure}{0}
+     \setcounter{table}{0}
+     \def\thetable{\arabic{table}}
+     \def\thefigure{\arabic{figure}}}
+\setlength\arraycolsep{5\p@}
+\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}
+\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
+\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
+\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
+\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
+\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
+\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
+\renewcommand\theequation{\arabic{equation}}
+% NAME OF STRUCTURES
+\newcommand\contentsname{Contents}
+\newcommand\listfigurename{List of Figures}
+\newcommand\listtablename{List of Tables}
+\newcommand\refname{References}
+\newcommand\indexname{Index}
+\newcommand\figurename{Figure}
+\newcommand\tablename{Table}
+\newcommand\partname{Part}
+\newcommand\appendixname{Appendix}
+\newcommand\abstractname{Abstract}
+%Miscellaneous commands
+\newcommand{\BibTeX}{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
+    T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
+\newcommand{\jpcsit}{{\bfseries\itshape\selectfont Journal of Physics: Conference Series}}
+\newcommand{\jpcs}{{\itshape\selectfont Journal of Physics: Conference Series}}
+\newcommand{\iopp}{IOP Publishing}
+\newcommand{\cls}{{\upshape\selectfont\texttt{jpconf.cls}}}
+\newcommand{\corg}{conference organizer}
+\newcommand\today{\number\day\space\ifcase\month\or
+  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+  \space\number\year}
+    \setlength\columnsep{10\p@}
+\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}
+\newcommand{\Tables}{\clearpage\section*{Tables and table captions}
+\def\fps@table{hp}\noappendix}
+\newcommand{\Figures}{\clearpage\section*{Figure captions}
+    \def\fps@figure{hp}\noappendix}
+%
+\newcommand{\Figure}[1]{\begin{figure}
+  \caption{#1}
+  \end{figure}}
+%
+\newcommand{\Table}[1]{\begin{table}
+  \caption{#1}
+  \begin{indented}
+  \lineup
+  \item[]\begin{tabular}{@{}l*{15}{l}}}
+\def\endTable{\end{tabular}\end{indented}\end{table}}
+\let\endtab=\endTable
+%
+\newcommand{\fulltable}[1]{\begin{table}
+  \caption{#1}
+  \lineup
+  \begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{}l*{15}{@{\extracolsep{0pt plus 12pt}}l}}}
+\def\endfulltable{\end{tabular*}\end{table}}
+%BIBLIOGRAPHY and References
+%\newcommand{\Bibliography}[1]{\section*{References}\par\numrefs{#1}}
+%\newcommand{\References}{\section*{References}\par\refs}
+%\def\thebibliography#1{\list
+% {\hfil[\arabic{enumi}]}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@
+% \partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@
+% \labelsep=5\p@\itemindent=-10\p@
+% \settowidth\labelwidth{\footnotesize[#1]}%
+% \leftmargin\labelwidth
+% \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+% \advance\leftmargin -\itemindent
+% \usecounter{enumi}}\footnotesize
+% \def\newblock{\ }
+% \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+% \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
+%\let\endthebibliography=\endlist
+%\def\numrefs#1{\begin{thebibliography}{#1}}
+%\def\endnumrefs{\end{thebibliography}}
+%\let\endbib=\endnumrefs
+
+\def\thereferences{\list{}{\topsep=0\p@\parsep=0\p@
+ \partopsep=0\p@\itemsep=0\p@\labelsep=0\p@\itemindent=-18\p@
+\labelwidth=0\p@\leftmargin=18\p@
+}\footnotesize\rm
+\def\newblock{\ }
+\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}%
+\let\endthereferences=\endlist
+% MISC EQUATRION STUFF
+%\def\[{\relax\ifmmode\@badmath\else
+% \begin{trivlist}
+% \@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty
+% \@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty
+% \item[]\leavevmode
+% \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup$ \displaystyle
+% \hskip\mathindent\bgroup\fi}
+%\def\]{\relax\ifmmode \egroup $\hfil \egroup \end{trivlist}\else \@badmath \fi}
+%\def\equation{\@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty
+% \@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty
+%\refstepcounter{equation}\trivlist \item[]\leavevmode
+% \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup $ \displaystyle
+%\hskip\mathindent}
+%\def\endequation{$\hfil \displaywidth\linewidth\@eqnnum\egroup \endtrivlist}
+%\@namedef{equation*}{\[}
+%\@namedef{endequation*}{\]}
+%\def\eqnarray{\stepcounter{equation}\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
+%\global\@eqnswtrue
+%\global\@eqcnt\z@\tabskip\mathindent\let\\=\@eqncr
+%\abovedisplayskip\topsep\ifvmode\advance\abovedisplayskip\partopsep\fi
+%\belowdisplayskip\abovedisplayskip
+%\belowdisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip
+%\abovedisplayshortskip\abovedisplayskip
+%$$\halign to
+%\linewidth\bgroup\@eqnsel$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@
+% {##{}}$&\global\@eqcnt\@ne $\displaystyle{{}##{}}$\hfil
+% &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ $\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
+% \tabskip\@centering&\llap{##}\tabskip\z@\cr}
+%\def\endeqnarray{\@@eqncr\egroup
+% \global\advance\c@equation\m@ne$$\global\@ignoretrue }
+%\mathindent = 6pc
+%%
+%\def\eqalign#1{\null\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\openup\jot\m@th
+%  \ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
+%      \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
+%%
+%\def\eqalignno#1{\displ@y \tabskip\z@skip
+%  \halign to\displaywidth{\hspace{5pc}$\@lign\displaystyle{##}$%
+%    \tabskip\z@skip
+%    &$\@lign\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfill\tabskip\@centering
+%    &\llap{$\@lign\hbox{\rm##}$}\tabskip\z@skip\crcr
+%    #1\crcr}}
+%%
+\newif\ifnumbysec
+\def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
+      \arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}\else
+      \arabic{equation}\fi}
+\def\eqnobysec{\numbysectrue\@addtoreset{equation}{section}}
+\newcounter{eqnval}
+\def\numparts{\addtocounter{equation}{1}%
+     \setcounter{eqnval}{\value{equation}}%
+     \setcounter{equation}{0}%
+     \def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
+     \arabic{section}.\arabic{eqnval}{\it\alph{equation}}%
+     \else\arabic{eqnval}{\it\alph{equation}}\fi}}
+\def\endnumparts{\def\theequation{\ifnumbysec
+     \arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}\else
+     \arabic{equation}\fi}%
+     \setcounter{equation}{\value{eqnval}}}
+%
+\def\cases#1{%
+     \left\{\,\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\normalbaselines\openup1\jot\m@th%
+     \ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}\hfil$&\tqs
+     \rm##\hfil\crcr#1\crcr}}\right.}%
+\def\eqalign#1{\null\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\openup\jot\m@th
+  \ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
+      \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
+% OTHER  USEFUL BITS
+\newcommand{\e}{\mathrm{e}}
+\newcommand{\rme}{\mathrm{e}}
+\newcommand{\rmi}{\mathrm{i}}
+\newcommand{\rmd}{\mathrm{d}}
+\renewcommand{\qquad}{\hspace*{25pt}}
+\newcommand{\tdot}[1]{\stackrel{\dots}{#1}}   % Added 1/9/94
+\newcommand{\tqs}{\hspace*{25pt}}
+\newcommand{\fl}{\hspace*{-\mathindent}}
+\newcommand{\Tr}{\mathop{\mathrm{Tr}}\nolimits}
+\newcommand{\tr}{\mathop{\mathrm{tr}}\nolimits}
+\newcommand{\Or}{\mathord{\mathrm{O}}} %changed from \mathop 20/1/95
+\newcommand{\lshad}{[\![}
+\newcommand{\rshad}{]\!]}
+\newcommand{\case}[2]{{\textstyle\frac{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\pt(#1){({\it #1\/})}
+\newcommand{\dsty}{\displaystyle}
+\newcommand{\tsty}{\textstyle}
+\newcommand{\ssty}{\scriptstyle}
+\newcommand{\sssty}{\scriptscriptstyle}
+\def\lo#1{\llap{${}#1{}$}}
+\def\eql{\llap{${}={}$}}
+\def\lsim{\llap{${}\sim{}$}}
+\def\lsimeq{\llap{${}\simeq{}$}}
+\def\lequiv{\llap{${}\equiv{}$}}
+%
+\newcommand{\eref}[1]{(\ref{#1})}
+%\newcommand{\eqref}[1]{Equation (\ref{#1})}
+%\newcommand{\Eqref}[1]{Equation (\ref{#1})}
+\newcommand{\sref}[1]{section~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\fref}[1]{figure~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\tref}[1]{table~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Sref}[1]{Section~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Fref}[1]{Figure~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Tref}[1]{Table~\ref{#1}}
+\newcommand{\opencircle}{\mbox{\Large$\circ\,$}}  % moved Large outside maths
+\newcommand{\opensquare}{\mbox{$\rlap{$\sqcap$}\sqcup$}}
+\newcommand{\opentriangle}{\mbox{$\triangle$}}
+\newcommand{\opentriangledown}{\mbox{$\bigtriangledown$}}
+\newcommand{\opendiamond}{\mbox{$\diamondsuit$}}
+\newcommand{\fullcircle}{\mbox{{\Large$\bullet\,$}}} % moved Large outside maths
+\newcommand{\fullsquare}{\,\vrule height5pt depth0pt width5pt}
+\newcommand{\dotted}{\protect\mbox{${\mathinner{\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp\cdotp}}$}}
+\newcommand{\dashed}{\protect\mbox{-\; -\; -\; -}}
+\newcommand{\broken}{\protect\mbox{-- -- --}}
+\newcommand{\longbroken}{\protect\mbox{--- --- ---}}
+\newcommand{\chain}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ ---}}
+\newcommand{\dashddot}{\protect\mbox{--- $\cdot$ $\cdot$ ---}}
+\newcommand{\full}{\protect\mbox{------}}
+
+\def\;{\protect\psemicolon}
+\def\psemicolon{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thickmuskip\else\kern .3333em\fi}
+\def\lineup{\def\0{\hbox{\phantom{0}}}%
+    \def\m{\hbox{$\phantom{-}$}}%
+    \def\-{\llap{$-$}}}
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Tables rules      %
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\newcommand{\boldarrayrulewidth}{1\p@} 
+% Width of bold rule in tabular environment.
+
+\def\bhline{\noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height  
+\boldarrayrulewidth \futurelet \@tempa\@xhline}
+
+\def\@xhline{\ifx\@tempa\hline\vskip \doublerulesep\fi
+      \ifnum0=`{\fi}}
+
+%
+% Rules for tables with extra space around
+%
+\newcommand{\br}{\ms\bhline\ms}
+\newcommand{\mr}{\ms\hline\ms}
+%
+\newcommand{\centre}[2]{\multispan{#1}{\hfill #2\hfill}}
+\newcommand{\crule}[1]{\multispan{#1}{\hspace*{\tabcolsep}\hrulefill
+  \hspace*{\tabcolsep}}}
+\newcommand{\fcrule}[1]{\ifnum\thetabtype=1\multispan{#1}{\hrulefill
+  \hspace*{\tabcolsep}}\else\multispan{#1}{\hrulefill}\fi}
+%
+% Extra spaces for tables and displayed equations
+%
+\newcommand{\ms}{\noalign{\vspace{3\p@ plus2\p@ minus1\p@}}}
+\newcommand{\bs}{\noalign{\vspace{6\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@}}}
+\newcommand{\ns}{\noalign{\vspace{-3\p@ plus-1\p@ minus-1\p@}}}
+\newcommand{\es}{\noalign{\vspace{6\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@}}\displaystyle}%
+%
+\newcommand{\etal}{{\it et al\/}\ }
+\newcommand{\dash}{------}
+\newcommand{\nonum}{\par\item[]}                %\par added 1/9/93
+\newcommand{\mat}[1]{\underline{\underline{#1}}}
+%
+% abbreviations for IOPP journals
+%
+\newcommand{\CQG}{{\it Class. Quantum Grav.} }
+\newcommand{\CTM}{{\it Combust. Theory Modelling\/} }
+\newcommand{\DSE}{{\it Distrib. Syst. Engng\/} }
+\newcommand{\EJP}{{\it Eur. J. Phys.} } 
+\newcommand{\HPP}{{\it High Perform. Polym.} }              % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\IP}{{\it Inverse Problems\/} }
+\newcommand{\JHM}{{\it J. Hard Mater.} }                    % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\JO}{{\it J. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JOA}{{\it J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JOB}{{\it J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\JPA}{{\it J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.} }
+\newcommand{\JPB}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys.} }      %1968-87
+\newcommand{\jpb}{{\it J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.} } %1988 and onwards
+\newcommand{\JPC}{{\it J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys.} }   %1968--1988
+\newcommand{\JPCM}{{\it J. Phys.: Condens. Matter\/} }    %1989 and onwards
+\newcommand{\JPD}{{\it J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JPE}{{\it J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum.} }
+\newcommand{\JPF}{{\it J. Phys. F: Met. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JPG}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys.} }         %1975--1988
+\newcommand{\jpg}{{\it J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.} }   %1989 and onwards
+\newcommand{\MSMSE}{{\it Modelling Simulation Mater. Sci. Eng.} }
+\newcommand{\MST}{{\it Meas. Sci. Technol.} }                 %1990 and onwards
+\newcommand{\NET}{{\it Network: Comput. Neural Syst.} }
+\newcommand{\NJP}{{\it New J. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\NL}{{\it Nonlinearity\/} }
+\newcommand{\NT}{{\it Nanotechnology} }
+\newcommand{\PAO}{{\it Pure Appl. Optics\/} }
+\newcommand{\PM}{{\it Physiol. Meas.} }                        % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\PMB}{{\it Phys. Med. Biol.} }
+\newcommand{\PPCF}{{\it Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion\/} }      % added 4/5/93
+\newcommand{\PSST}{{\it Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\PUS}{{\it Public Understand. Sci.} }
+\newcommand{\QO}{{\it Quantum Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\QSO}{{\em Quantum Semiclass. Opt.} }
+\newcommand{\RPP}{{\it Rep. Prog. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\SLC}{{\it Sov. Lightwave Commun.} }               % added 4/5/93 
+\newcommand{\SST}{{\it Semicond. Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\SUST}{{\it Supercond. Sci. Technol.} }
+\newcommand{\WRM}{{\it Waves Random Media\/} }
+\newcommand{\JMM}{{\it J. Micromech. Microeng.\/} }
+%
+% Other commonly quoted journals
+%
+\newcommand{\AC}{{\it Acta Crystallogr.} }
+\newcommand{\AM}{{\it Acta Metall.} }
+\newcommand{\AP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Lpz.} }
+\newcommand{\APNY}{{\it Ann. Phys., NY\/} }
+\newcommand{\APP}{{\it Ann. Phys., Paris\/} }
+\newcommand{\CJP}{{\it Can. J. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JAP}{{\it J. Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JCP}{{\it J. Chem. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JJAP}{{\it Japan. J. Appl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JP}{{\it J. Physique\/} }
+\newcommand{\JPhCh}{{\it J. Phys. Chem.} }
+\newcommand{\JMMM}{{\it J. Magn. Magn. Mater.} }
+\newcommand{\JMP}{{\it J. Math. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\JOSA}{{\it J. Opt. Soc. Am.} }
+\newcommand{\JPSJ}{{\it J. Phys. Soc. Japan\/} }
+\newcommand{\JQSRT}{{\it J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer\/} }
+\newcommand{\NC}{{\it Nuovo Cimento\/} }
+\newcommand{\NIM}{{\it Nucl. Instrum. Methods\/} }
+\newcommand{\NP}{{\it Nucl. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\PL}{{\it Phys. Lett.} }
+\newcommand{\PR}{{\it Phys. Rev.} }
+\newcommand{\PRL}{{\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} }
+\newcommand{\PRS}{{\it Proc. R. Soc.} }
+\newcommand{\PS}{{\it Phys. Scr.} }
+\newcommand{\PSS}{{\it Phys. Status Solidi\/} }
+\newcommand{\PTRS}{{\it Phil. Trans. R. Soc.} }
+\newcommand{\RMP}{{\it Rev. Mod. Phys.} }
+\newcommand{\RSI}{{\it Rev. Sci. Instrum.} }
+\newcommand{\SSC}{{\it Solid State Commun.} }
+\newcommand{\ZP}{{\it Z. Phys.} }
+%===================
+\pagestyle{headings}
+\pagenumbering{arabic}
+\raggedbottom
+\onecolumn
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `jconf.cls'.

contributions/ds_infn_cc/artifact/jpconf11.clo

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contributions/ds_infn_cc/ds_infn_cc.tex

+\documentclass[a4paper]{jpconf}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\begin{document}
+\title{INFN Corporate Cloud - Management and Evolution}
+
+\author{C. Duma$^1$, A. Costantini$^1$, D. Michelotto$^1$, D. Salomoni$^1$}
+
+\address{$^1$ INFN-CNAF, Bologna, IT}
+%\address{$^2$IFCA, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-CSIC, Santander, Spain}
+
+\ead{ds@cnaf.infn.it}
+
+\begin{abstract}
+
+This paper describes the achievements and the evolution of INFN Corporate Cloud (INFN-CC), the geographically 
+distributed private Cloud infrastructure aimed at providing ICT services starting from the Infrastructure as a Service 
+(IaaS) cloud level based on OpenStack. In particular, the contribution provided by CNAF in terms of operations and possible evolution 
+is here described and analysed.
+ 
+  
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+The INFN Cloud Working Group as been active for almost three years within the so called ``Commissione Calcolo e Reti'' (CCR) 
+in INFN. Its activity being that of testing and acquiring expertise on technologies related to Cloud Computing and of selecting 
+solutions that can be adopted in INFN sites in order to meet the computing needs of the INFN scientific community and more 
+generally to ease information sharing inside and outside INFN. In the recent past, a number of projects related to Cloud 
+Computing started in INFN thanks to the knowledge and expertise that were the outcome of the activity of the Cloud Working 
+Group. A restricted team has been working in the last two years on the deployment of a distributed private cloud infrastructure 
+to be hosted in a limited number of INFN sites. The INFN-CC working group planned and tested possible architectural designs for 
+the implementation of a distributed private cloud infrastructure and implemented a prototype that is described hereafter.
+
+INFN-­CC \cite{infncc-chep2018, infncc-wiki} is intended to represent a part of the INFN Cloud infrastructure, with peculiar features 
+that make it the optimal cloud facility for a number of usecases that are of great importance for INFN.
+
+While the INFN Cloud ecosystem will be able to federate heterogeneous installations that will forcibly adopt a loose coupling 
+scheme, INFN-­CC tightly couples a few homogeneous OpenStack installations that share a number of services, while being 
+independent, but still coordinated, on other aspects.
+
+
+ The focus of INFN-­CC is on resource replication, distribution and high availability, both for network services and for user applications. INFN-­CC 
+represents a single, though distributed, administrative domain.
+
+
+\section{INFN-CC - a distributed cloud}
+
+As already mentioned, INFN Corporate Cloud (INFN-CC) is the INFN geographically distributed private Cloud infrastructure
+ aimed at providing services starting from the IaaS level and it is based on OpenStack that has been deployed in three of the 
+major INFN data centers in Italy (INFN-CNAF, INFN-Bari and INFN-LNF). INFN-CC has a twofold purpose: on one hand its fully 
+redundant architecture and its resiliency characteristics make of it theperfect environment for providing critical network services
+ for the INFN community, on the other hand the fact that it is hosted in modern and large data centers makes of INFN-CC the
+ platform of choice for a number of scientific computing use cases. INFN-CC also deploys a higher PaaS layer, developed within
+ the EU funded project INDIGO-DataCloud \cite{indigo-dc}, in order to provide to the INFN scientific communities
+ not only an easier access solution to computing and storage resources, but also both automatic instantiation and configuration 
+of services or applications used for their everyday work, like batch-system on demand or big data analytics facilities. The PaaS 
+layer, together with the underlying IaaS, is able to provide automatic scalability of the clusters instantiated and fault tolerance
+ in case of a single node or complete site failures.
+
+
+\subsection{Architecture and services}
+
+Techinically speaking, from the OpenStack \cite{openstack} point of view INFN-CC is a multi-region cloud composed of different OpenStack 
+installations sharing a set of services that are managed globally while maintaining other services local, as shown in Figure \ref{infncc-services}.
+
+The available INFN-CC services can be summarized in the following categories: 
+
+Ancillary services such as:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item A distributed Percona XtraDB Cluster relies on this network and is the back-end both for the identity service and the image service catalog,
+\item A distributed DNS dynamically modified, by humans as well as monitoring processes, in order to make clients point only to working endpoints.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Local services, implemented independently on each site, they have a local scope such as compute, volume and network.
+In particular Compute and Volume services rely on a CEPH \cite{ceph} back-end. Each site has a CEPH instance with different priority and the 
+CEPH rbd mirror is employed to replicate data across INFN-CC sites for disaster recovery.
+
+Global services, Implemented on all sites for high availability, backed by common DBs when needed, they have a global scope and are here listed:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Openstack Horizon, providing the GUI to access the INFN-resources and services via Web, 
+\item OpenStack Keystone access points, pointing to the above mentioned distributed DBMS, are available on all INFN-CC sites,
+\item OpenStack Swift relies on the INFN-CC private network and is deployed geographically,
+\item Openstack Glance relies on CEPH as a storage backend and on the Percona cluster as a catalog, this way it is fully distributed as well.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{figure}[h]
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=15cm,clip]{infncc-services.png}
+\caption{INFN-CC architecture and related services.}
+\label{infncc-services}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+In order to provide the above mentioned list of services, particular care was made to define the network setup among the INFN-CC sites in 
+order to provide standard connectivity to the VMs and cross site connectivity among the three INFN sites.
+The connectivity, made by a level 3 distributed private network provided by GARR, allows an easy cloud management and fast data exchange.
+As shown in Figure \ref{infncc-net}, in the INFN-CC model the VM networks remain private and do not cross the border of their own “region”. 
+Also public networks are separate and managed locally, except they might benefit of a cross-site DNS domain namespace in order to allow 
+for easy service migration. 
+Hosts on the management networks of the different sites, on the other hand, must be able to intercommunicate, possibly taking advantage 
+of a set of loose firewall rules, in order to speed up the system setup and maintenance. Moreover, a cross-site DNS domain namespace 
+enable tos dynamically migrate cloud services, when needed, for high availability. 
+ 
+\begin{figure}[h]
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=15cm,clip]{infncc-net.png}
+\caption{INFN-CC networking and related components.}
+\label{infncc-net}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\subsection{INFN-CC functionalities}
+
+INFN-CC provides some interesting functionalities and features thanks to the its geographical distribution among different sites:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Single point of access to distributed resources, fully exploiting the native functionalities of OpenStack and with no (or very small) 
+need of external integration tools.
+\item Single Sign On (SSO) and common authorization platform. User roles and projects are the same throughout the infrastructure, 
+while quotas for projects vary from site to site.
+\item Secure dashboard and API access to all services for all users. The dashboard, OpenStack APIs and EC2 APIs are available. 
+All services are implemented on top of an SSL layer, in order to secure resource access and data privacy.
+\item Easy sharing of VM images and snapshots through a common Object Storage deployment.
+A single image/snapshot database is used by all the project sites. This means that all VM images and snapshots are available in all sites.
+\item Common DNS name space for distributed resources. DNS HA provides high availability for distributed resources.
+\item Block device sharing over remote sites; a rough way to implement is through CEPH backend volume backups, faster and more 
+efficient ways are under investigation. The final approach will mainly depend on the WAN bandwidth and latency among the INFN-CC sites.
+\item Self-service backup for instances and block storage. Backed-up data can be accessed/restored transparently from/to any site. 
+Final users and tenant administrators are responsible for backing up their instances and the attached block devices. Adequate tools, 
+native to OpenStack, are provided. As the backup storage backend, both for instance images and snapshots and for block devices, 
+are replicated and distributed, data backup is transparently available in all the cloud sites and is still available in the case of a site failure.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{The management model}
+As resources in INFN-CC are so closely coupled and interdependent, they must be managed carefully by expert staff and must always work correctly.
+For this reasons a limited number of cloud administrator, no matter where they are based, are allowed to administer hosts offering 
+OpenStack services in any INFN-CC site both for normal maintenance and in case of emergency. 
+This approach is eased by the homogeneity of the infrastructure, but requires a trust agreement that breaks the barriers of the 
+single site: remote administrators must be trusted exactly as residents.
+On the other hand, infrastructure and hardware management is not easily performed from a remote site and should be full responsibility
+ of the local IT staff. Cloud administrators and local IT staff should of course interact for better problem detection and solving. 
+This management model brings issues that exceed the technical and organizational problems of a distributed management team: hosting
+ sites must agree on having external people manage part of their infrastructure as if they were local staff. 
+
+\section{Use cases for the INFN-CC}
+The architecture of INFN-CC is particularly fit for a wide range of use cases where a strict relation exists between resources that are
+ distributed over different sites. 
+Most of these use cases are related to the delivery of computing services for the INFN community, be they of local interest for users
+ belonging to a single INFN site or of general interest for the whole community.
+This does not mean that scientific computing is unfit for the INFN-CC, but often scientific computing environments do not need the
+ high availability features provided by INFN-CC and can take advantage of other cloud deployments. 
+
+\subsection{Scientific computing}
+Massive data analysis or simulations do not usually need an environment like that of INFN-CC, but this does not mean that the 
+INFN-CC doors are closed to scientific computing. 
+Tier 3 virtualization, the last mile of data analysis, as well as software development environments are the first use cases that 
+might take advantage of INFN-CC and use it efficiently. 
+Further use cases might be applicable in the future, according to the available resources and to the project development.
+
+\subsection{Distributed Web application}
+In this use case, a generic distributed web application can use a distributed SQL database (accessed through HAProxy) and a
+distributed object storage data backend (with almost no single point of failure).
+The failure of one instance does not affect final users, that are still able to use the application. 
+
+
+\section{Operations and evolution}
+As previously described in the text, the INFN-CC infrastructure is a multi-region cloud composed of different OpenStack installations.
+The actual configuration of the CNAF region is here described:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item A network node: bare metal resource hosting the OpenStack Networking service that deploys several processes across a number of nodes. These processes 
+interact with each other and other OpenStack services. The main process of the OpenStack Networking service is neutron-server, a Python 
+daemon that exposes the OpenStack Networking API and passes tenant requests to a suite of plug-ins for additional processing
+\item Two Compute nodes: bare metal resources on which the VM's are actually deployed. Each compute node runs an hypervisor to deploy and run the VM.
+\item A storage node:  bare metal resource hosting a cluster distribution of CEPH object storage that provides interfaces for object-, block- and file-level storage
+\item A ToR switch 
+\end{itemize} 
+Up to date, CNAF is providing to the INFN-CC the following IaaS resources: 20 VCPUs, 50GB RAM, 50 Floating IPs and 50TB of volume storage. 
+A set of new resources are expected to be acquired by 2019 and became part of the CNAF region od INFN-CC infrastructure.
+In the next year, a contribution from CNAF in terms of development and integration of new services is also expected, in particular in the deployment and testing of
+CEPH distributions.
+
+
+\section{Conclusions}
+In this contribution, the INFN-CC cloud infrastructure has been briefly presented from different aspects. Archietecture, services, maintecance model
+and possible usecse have been also discussed.
+In particular, the contribution of CNAF in terms of operations and evolution of both the CNAF regions and the the INFN-CC cloud infrastructure at whole
+have been  described. 
+In the next years, the evolution of the services offered by INFN-CC is expected to bring new and challenging use cases.
+In this respect, CNAF is aiming to contribute in terms of manpower and expertise to improve both the reliability and the quality of the service offered to INFN and worldwide.
+
+
+\section{References} 
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{}
+\bibitem{infncc-chep2018}
+Web site: https://indico.cern.ch/event/587955/contributions/2935944
+\bibitem{infncc-wiki}
+Web site: https://wiki.infn.it/cn/ccr/cloud/infn\_cc
+\bibitem{indigo-dc}
+Web site: www.indigo-datacloud.eu
+\bibitem{openstack}
+Web site: https://www.openstack.org/
+\bibitem{ceph}
+https://ceph.com
+\bibitem{deep}
+Web site: https://deep-hybrid-datacloud.eu/
+\bibitem{xdc}
+Web site: www.extreme-datacloud.eu
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+
+%\section*{Acknowledgments}
+%eXtreme-DataCloud has been funded by the European Commision H2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement RIA XXXXXXX.
+
+
+\end{document}
+

contributions/farming/ARFarming2018.tex

+\documentclass[a4paper]{jpconf}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{tikz}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\usepackage{eurosym}
+%%%%%%%%%% Start TeXmacs macros
+\newcommand{\tmem}[1]{{\em #1\/}}
+\newcommand{\tmop}[1]{\ensuremath{\operatorname{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\tmtextit}[1]{{\itshape{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\tmtt}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+%%%%%%%%%% End TeXmacs macros
+
+\begin{document}
+\title{The INFN-Tier1: the computing farm}
+
+\author{Andrea Chierici$^1$, Stefano Dal Pra$^1$, Diego Michelotto$^1$}
+\address{$^1$ INFN-CNAF, Bologna, IT}
+\ead{andrea.chierici@cnaf.infn.it, stefano.dalpra@cnaf.infn.it, diego.michelotto@cnaf.infn.it}
+
+%\begin{abstract}
+%\end{abstract}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+The farming group is responsible for the management of the computing resources of the centre. 
+This implies the deployment of installation and configuration services, monitoring facilities and the fair distribution of the resources to the experiments that have agreed to run at CNAF. 
+
+%\begin{figure}
+%\centering
+%\includegraphics[keepaspectratio,width=10cm]{ge_arch.pdf}
+%\caption{Grid Engine instance at INFN-T1}
+%\label{ge_arch}
+%\end{figure}
+
+
+\section{Farming status update}
+During 2018 the group got reorganized: Antonio Falabella left the group and Diego Michelotto took over him. This turnover was quite harmless since Diego was already aware of many of the procedures adopted in farming group as well as of the collaborative tools used internally.
+
+\subsection{Computing}
+It's well known that in November 2017 we suffered a flooding in our data center and so the largest part of 2018 was dedicated to restoring the facility, 
+trying to understand how much of the computing power was damaged and how much was recoverable. 
+We had quite a luck on blade servers (2015 tender), while on 2016 tender most of the nodes that we thought were reusable, after some time got broken and were unrecoverable. We were able to recover working parts from the broken servers (like ram, CPUs and disks) and with those we assembled some nodes to be used as service nodes: the parts were accurately tested by a system integrator that guaranteed for us the stability and reliability of the resulting platform.
+As a result of the flooding, approximately 24 kHS06 got damaged.
+
+In spring we finally installed the new tender, composed of AMD EPYC nodes, providing more than 42 kHS06, with 256GB of ram, 2x1TB SSDs and 10Gbit Ethernet network. This is the first time we adopt 10Gbit connection for WNs and we think from now on it will be a basic requirement: modern CPUs provide several cores, enabling us to pack more jobs in a single node, where a 1Gbit network speed may be a significant bottleneck. The same applies to HDDs vs SSDs: we think that modern computing nodes can provide 100\% of their capabilities only with SSDs disks.
+General job execution trend can be seen in Figure~\ref{farm-jobs}.
+
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[keepaspectratio,width=15cm]{farm-jobs.png}
+\caption{Farm job trend during 2018}
+\label{farm-jobs}
+\end{figure}
+
+\subsubsection{CINECA extension}
+Thanks to an agreement between INFN and CINECA\cite{ref:cineca}, we were able to integrate a portion (3 racks for a total of 216 servers sporting $\sim$180 kHS06) of the Marconi cluster into our computing farm, reaching the total computing power of 400 kHS06, almost doubling the power we provided last year. Each server is equipped with a 10 Gbit uplink connection to the rack switch while each of them, in turn, is connected to the aggregation router with 4x40 Gbit links.
+
+Due to the proximity of CINECA, we set up a highly reliable fiber connection between the computing centers, with a very low latency 
+(the RTT\footnote{Round-trip time (RTT) is the duration it takes for a network request to go from a starting point to a destination and back again 
+to the starting point.} is 0.48 ms vs. 0.28 ms measured on the CNAF LAN), and could avoid to set up a cache storage on the CINECA side: 
+all the remote nodes access storage resources hosted at CNAF in the exact same manner as the local nodes do. 
+This simplifies a lot the setup and increases global farm reliability (see Figure~\ref{cineca} for details on setup).
+
+\begin{figure}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics[keepaspectratio,width=12cm]{cineca.png}
+    \caption{INFN-T1 farm extension to CINECA}
+    \label{cineca}
+\end{figure}
+
+These nodes have undergone several reconfigurations due to both the hardware and the type of workflow of the experiments.
+In April we had to upgrade the BIOS to overcome a bug which was preventing the full resource usage, 
+limiting what we were getting from the nodes to $\sim$78\% of the total.
+Moreover, since nodes at CINECA are setup with standard HDDs and since so many cores are available per node, we hit a bottleneck.
+To mitigate this limitation, a reconfiguration of the local RAID configuration of disks has been 
+done\footnote{The initial choice of using RAID-1 for local disks  instead of RAID-0 proved to slow down the system even if safer from an operational point of view.} and the amount of jobs per node was slightly reduced (generally this  equals the number of logical cores). It's important to notice that we did not reach this limit with the latest tender we purchased, since it comes with two enterprise class SSDs.
+
+During 2018 we kept using also the Bari ReCaS farm extension, 
+with a reduced set of nodes that provided approximately 10 kHS06\cite{ref:ar17farming}. 
+
+\subsection{Hardware resources}
+Hardware resources for farming group are quite new, and a refresh was not foreseen during 2018. The main concern is on the two different virtualization infrastructures, that only required a warranty renewal. Since we were able to recover a few parts from the flood-damaged nodes, we were able to acquire a 2U 4 node enclosure to be used as the main resource provider for the forthcoming HTCondor instance.
+
+\subsection{Software updates} 
+During 2018 we completed the migration from SL6 to CentOS7 on all the farming nodes. The configurations have been stored on our provisioning system: 
+with the WNs the migration process has been rather simple, while with CEs and UIs we took extra care and proceeded one at a time in order to guarantee continuity
+to the service. The same configurations have been used to upgrade LHCb-T2 and INFN-BO-T3, with minimal modifications. 
+All the modules produced for our site can easily be exported to other sites willing to perform the same update.
+As already said, the update involved all the services with just a small number of exceptions: CMS experiment is using PhEDEx\cite{ref:phedex}, a system that provides the data placement and the file transfer system that is incompatible with CentOS7. Since the system will be phased out in mid 2019, we agreed with the experiment to not perform any update. Same thing happened with a few legacy UIs and some services for the CDF experiment, that are involved in a LTDP project (more details in next year report).
+
+In any case, if an experiment needs a legacy OS, like SL6, on all the Worker Nodes we provide a container solution based on singularity\cite{ref:singu} software.
+Singularity enables users to have full control of their environment through containers: it can be used to package entire scientific workflows, software and libraries, and even data. This avoids the T1 users to ask farming sysadmin to install any software, since everything can be put in a container and run. Users are in control of the extent to which containers interacts with its host: there can be seamless integration, or little to no communication at all. 
+
+Year 2018 has been terrible from a security point of view. 
+Several critical vulnerabilities have been discovered, affecting data-center CPUs and major software stacks: 
+the major ones were Meltdown and Spectre~\cite{ref:meltdown} (see Figure~\ref{meltdown} and~\ref{meltdown2}). 
+These discoveries required us to promptly intervene in order to mitigate and/or correct these vulnerabilities, 
+applying software updates (this mostly breaks down to updating Linux kernel and firmware) that most of the times required to reboot the whole farm. 
+This impacts greatly in term of resource availability, but it's mandatory in order to prevent security issues and possible sensitive data disclosures. 
+Thanks to our internally-developed dynamic update procedure, patch application is smooth and almost automatic, avoiding waste of time for the farm staff.
+
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{meltdown.jpg}
+%\includegraphics[keepaspectratio,width=12cm]{meltdown.jpg}
+\caption{Meltdown and Spectre comparison}
+\label{meltdown}
+\end{figure}
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+%\includegraphics[keepaspectratio,width=12cm]{meltdown2.jpg}
+\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{meltdown2.jpg}
+\caption{Meltdown attack description}
+\label{meltdown2}
+\end{figure}
+
+\subsection{HTCondor update}
+INFN-T1 decided to migrate to HTCondor from LSF for several reasons. 
+The main one is that this software has proved to be extremely scalable and ready to stand the forthcoming challenges that High Luminosity LHC will raise
+in our research community in the near future. Moreover, many of the other T1s involved in LHC have announced the transition to HTCondor or have already completed it,
+not to consider the fact that our current batch system, LSF, is no longer under warranty, since INFN decided not to renew the contract with IBM 
+(the provider of this software now re-branded ``Spectrum LSF''), in order to save money and consider the alternative given by HTCondor.
+
+\section{DataBase service: Highly available PostgreSQL}
+In 2013 INFN-T1 switched to a custom solution for the job accounting
+system~\cite{DGAS} based on a PostgreSQL backend. The database was
+made more robust over time, introducing redundancy, reliable hardware
+and storage. This architecture was powerful enough to also host other
+database schema, or even independent instances, to meet
+requirements from user communities (CUORE, CUPID) for their computing
+model. A MySQL based solution is also in place, to accommodate needs of
+the AUGER experiment.
+
+\subsection{Hardware setup}
+A High Availability PostgreSQL instance has been deployed on two
+identical SuperMicro hosts, ``dbfarm-1'' and ``dbfarm-2'', each one equipped as
+follows:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2603 v2 @ 1.80GHz,
+  \item 32GB Ram,
+  \item two FiberChannel controllers,
+  \item a Storage Area Network volume of 2 TB,
+  \item two redundant power supply.
+\end{itemize}
+
+The path to the SAN storage is also fully redundant, since each Fiber Channel
+controller is connected to two independent SAN switches.
+
+One node also hosts 2 HDDs ()1.8TB configured with software RAID-1) to work as service storage 
+area for supplementary data-base backup and other maintenance tasks.
+
+\subsection{Software setup}
+A PostgreSQL 11.1 master has been installed on the two host; dbfarm-1
+has been set up to work as master and dbfarm-2 works as a hot standby
+replica. With this configuration, the master is the main database,
+while the replica can be accessed in read-only mode. This instance is
+used to host the accounting database of the farming, the inventory of
+the hardware of the T1-centre (docet) and a database used by the CUPID
+experiment. The content of this database is updated directly by
+authorized users of the experiment, while jobs running on our worker
+nodes can access its data from the standby replica.
+
+A second independent instance has also been installed on dbfarm-2
+working as a hot standby replica of a remote Master instance managed
+by the CUORE collaboration and located at INFN-LNGS. The continuous
+synchronization with the master database happens through a VPN channel. 
+Local read access from our Worker Nodes to this
+instance can be quite intense: the standby server has been
+sustaining up to 500 connections without any evident problem.
+
+\subsection{Distributed MySQL service}
+A different solution for the AUGER experiment has been put in place for several
+years now, and has been recently redesigned when moving our Worker
+Nodes to CentOS7.  Several jobs of the Auger experiment need
+concurrent read-only access to a MySQL (actually MariaDB, with CentOS7
+and later) database. A single server instance cannot sustain the
+overall load generated by the clients. For this reason, we have
+configured a reasonable subset of Worker Nodes (two racks) to host a
+local binary copy of the AUGER data base. The ``master'' copy of this database 
+is available from a dedicated User Interface and
+users can update its content when they need to.
+
+The copy on the Worker Nodes can be updated every few months, upon
+request from the experiment. To do so, we must in order:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item drain any running job accessing the database
+\item shutdown every MariaDB instance 
+\item update the binary copy using rsync
+\item restart the database
+\item re-enable normal AUGER activity
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Helix Nebula Science Cloud}
+During the first part of 2018, the farming group has been directly involved in the pilot phase of Helix Nebula Science Cloud project~\cite{ref:hnsc}, whose aim was to allow research institutes like INFN to be able to test commercial clouds against HEP use-cases, identifying strength and weak points.
+The pilot phase has seen some very intense interaction between the public procurers and both commercial and public service providers. 
+
+\subsection{Pilot Phase}
+The pilot phase of the HNSciCloud PCP is the final step in the implementation of the hybrid cloud platform proposed by the contractors that were selected. During the period from January to June 2018, the technical activities of the project focused on
+scalability of the platforms and on training of new users that will access the pilot at the end of this phase.
+Farming members guided the contractors throughout the first part of the pilot phase,
+testing the scalability of the proposed platforms, organizing the procurers’ hosted events and assessing the deliverables produced by the contractors together with the other partners of the project.
+
+\subsection{Conclusions of the Pilot Phase}
+Improvements to the platforms have been implemented during this phase and even though
+some R\&D activities had still to be completed, the general evaluation of the first part of the pilot phase is positive. 
+In particular, the Buyers Group reiterated the need for a fully functioning cloud storage service and highlighted the commercial advantage such a transparent data service represents for the Contractors. Coupled with a flexible voucher scheme, such an offering will encourage a greater uptake within the Buyers Group and the wider public research sector. The increase in demand for GPUs, even if not originally considered critical during the design phase, has become more important and highlighted a weak point in the current offer.
+
+
+\section{References}
+\begin{thebibliography}{9}
+\bibitem{ref:cineca} Cineca webpage: https://www.cineca.it/
+\bibitem{ref:ar17farming} Chierici A. et al. 2017 INFN-CNAF Annual Report 2017, edited by L. dell’Agnello, L. Morganti, and E. Ronchieri, pp. 111
+\bibitem{ref:phedex} PhEDEx webpage: https://cmsweb.cern.ch/phedex/about.html
+\bibitem{ref:singu} Singularity website: https://singularity.lbl.gov/
+\bibitem{ref:meltdown} Meltdown attack website: https://meltdownattack.com/
+\bibitem{ref:hnsc} Helix Nebula The Science Cloud website: https://www.hnscicloud.eu/
+\bibitem{DGAS} Dal Pra, Stefano. ``Accounting Data Recovery. A Case Report from
+  INFN-T1'' Nota interna, Commissione Calcolo e Reti dell'INFN,
+  {\tt CCR-48/2014/P}  
+  \bibitem{DOCET} Dal Pra, Stefano, and Alberto Crescente. ``The data operation centre tool. Architecture and population strategies'' Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 396. No. 4. IOP Publishing, 2012.
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+\end{document}