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\begin{document}
\title{Cloud@CNAF Management and Evolution}

\author{C. Duma$^1$, A. Costantini$^1$, D. Michelotto$^1$ and D. Salomoni$^1$}

\address{$^1$INFN Division CNAF, Bologna, Italy}

\ead{ds@cnaf.infn.it}

\begin{abstract}

Cloud@CNAF is  the cloud infrastructure hosted at CNAF, based on open source solutions aiming
to serve different use cases present here.  The infrastructure is the result of  
the  collaboration  of  a  transversal  group  of  people  from  all  CNAF  
functional units:   networking, storage, farming, national services, distributed systems.  
If 2016 was for the Cloud@CNAF IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) based on OpenStack, 
a period of consolidation and improvement, 2017 was an year of consolidation and 
operation ended with an extreme event - the flooding of the DataCenter, when an 
aqueduct pipe located in the street nearby CNAF went broke. This event caused 
down of the entire DataCenter, including the Cloud@CNAF infrastructure.This paper 
presents the activities carried out throughout 2018 to ensure the functioning
of the center cloud infrastructure, that saw the its migration from CNAF to INFN-Ferrara, 
starting to the re-design of the entire to cope with the limited availability of 
space and weigth imposed by the new location, to the physical migration of the 
racks and remote management and operation of infrastructure in order to continue 
to provide high-quality services for our users and communities. 
\end{abstract}

\section{Introduction}
The main goal of Cloud@CNAF \cite{catc} project is to provide a production quality
Cloud Infrastructure for CNAF internal activities as well as national and
international projects hosted at CNAF:
\begin{itemize}
  \item Internal activities
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Provisioning VM for CNAF departments and staff members
    \item Tutorial and courses
    \end{itemize}
  \item National and international projects
    \begin{itemize}
      \item Providing VMs for experiments hosted at CNAF, like CMS, ATLAS, EEE and FAZIA
      \item testbeds for testing the services developed by projects like the INDIGO-DataCloud, eXtreme-DataCLoud and DEEP-HybridDataCloud
    \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

The infrastructure made available is based on OpenStack \cite{openstack}, version Mitaka, with all the
services deployed using a High-Availability (HA) setup or in a
clustered manner (for ex. for the DBs used). During  2016 the infrastructure has been
enhanced, by adding new resources, compute and network, and its operation has been improved and guaranteed by
adding the monitoring part, improving the support, automating the maintenance activities.

Thanks to this enhancement, Cloud@CNAF was able to offer high reliable services to the users and communities who rely on such infrastructure.

At the end of 2017, on November 9th early at morning, an aqueduct pipe located in the street nearby CNAF, broke as documented in Ref. \cite{flood}.  
As a result, a river of water and mud flowed towards the Tier1 data center.  The level of the water did not exceeded the 
threshold of safety of the waterproof doors but, due to the porosity of the external walls and the floor, it could find a way
 into the data center. Both  electric  lines  failed  at  about  7.10AM CET.   Access  to  the  data  center  was  possible  only 
 in the  afternoon,  after  all  the  water  had  been  pumped  out.
As a result, the entire Tier1 data center went down, included the Cloud@CNAF infrastructure.


\section{The resource migration}
Some weeks after the flooding, has been decided to move the Cloud@CNAF core services in a different location
in order to recover the services provided for communities and experiments.
Thanks to a strong relationship, both University of Parma/INFN-Parma and INFN-Ferrara proposed to host our 
core machinery and related services.
Due to the geographical proximity and the presence of Point of Presence (PoP) GARR, the 
Cloud@CNAF core machinery was moved to the INFN-Ferrara location.

Unfortunately, we were not able to move all the Cloud@CNAF resources due to a limited power and weight availability in the new location.
For the above mentioned reason, the re-design of the new infrastructure has been considered.
As a first step, the services and the related machinery to move to the new - temporary - location have been selected in order to
 fit the maximum power consumption and weight estimated for each of the two rooms devoted to host Cloud@CNAF services (see Table \ref{table:1} for details).

\begin{table} [ht]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ l|c|c|c||c||c| } 
\cline{2-6}
 &amp; \multicolumn{3}{c||}{Room1}  &amp;  Room2 &amp; Tot \\
\cline{2-5}
 &amp; Rack1 &amp; Rack2 &amp; Tot &amp;  Rack3 &amp;  \\
\hline
Power consumption (kW) &amp; 8,88 &amp;  4,91 &amp; 13,79 (15) &amp; 5,8 (7)&amp; 19,59\\ 
Weight (Kg) &amp; 201 &amp; 151 &amp; 352 (400Kg/mq) &amp; 92 (400Kg/mq) &amp; 444 \\ 
Occupancy (U) &amp; 9 &amp; 12 &amp; 21 &amp; 10 &amp; 31 \\ 
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Power consumption weight and occupancy for each Rack. In brackets, the maximum value admitted for the Room.}
\label{table:1}
\end{table}

\section{Re-design the new infrastructure}
Due to the limitations described in Table\ref{table:1} only three racks have been used to host Cloud@CNAF core service.
Among this three racks, the first hosts the storage resources, the second hosts the Openstack controller, the network
 services and the GPFS cluster. The third hosts Ovirt and Openstack compute nodes, together with
 some other ancillary services  (see Table \ref{table:2} for details).
Rack1 and Rack2 have been connected by 2x40Gbps through our Brocade VDX switches and Rack1 and Rack3 have been connected 
by 2x10Gbps through PowerConnect switches.

\begin{table} [ht]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ c|l|l|l| } 
\cline{2-4}
&amp; \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{Rack1} &amp; \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{Rack2} &amp; \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{Rack3}\\
\hline
&amp; VDX &amp; VDX &amp;  PowerConnect x2 \\ 
Resources &amp; EqualLogic &amp; Cloud controllers &amp;  Ovirt nodes\\ 
and &amp; Powervault &amp; Cloud networks &amp; Compute nodes\\
Services &amp; &amp; Gridstore &amp; DBs nodes\\
&amp; &amp;  Other services &amp; Cloud UI\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{List of resources and services hosted per Rack}
\label{table:2}
\end{table}

Moreover, Rack1 is connected to PoP GARR with 1x1Gbps fiber connection to guarantee external connectivity.
A complete overview of the new infrastructure and related resource location is shown in Figure \ref{new_c_at_c}.
As depicted from the Figure \ref{new_c_at_c}  and taking into account the limitations described in Table \ref{table:1}) the power consumption
has been limited  up to 13,79kW in respect to Room1 (limit 15kW) and up to 5.8kW (limit 7kW) in respect to Room2.

The whole migration process (from the design to the reconfiguration of the new infrastructure) took just a business week 
and after that the Cloud@CNAF infrastructure and related services where up and running, able to serve again different projects and communities.

Thanks to the experience and documentation gathered, in June 2018 - after the Tier1 returned in its production status, 
Cloud@CNAF has been migrated back in less than three business days.

\section{Cloud@CNAF evolution}

Starting from the activity carried out in 2016 related to the improvements done at the infrastructure level \cite{catc}, in 
2018 (after the return of the core infrastructure services due to the flooding) 
the increase of the computing  resources, in terms of quality and quantity, continued in order to enhance both the
 services and the performance offered to users.

Thanks to such activity, during the last year the Cloud@CNAF saw a growth on the number of users and use cases
 implemented in the infrastructure, in particular the number of projects increased up to 87 using approximately 
 1035 virtual CPUS, 1.766TB of RAM, with a total of 267 virtual machines (see Figure \ref{catc_monitor} for more details).

Among others, some of the projects that used the cloud infrastructure are: 
\begin{itemize}
\item HARMONY - Proof-of-concept under the TTLab coordination, is a project aimed at finding resourceful medicines offensive against neoplasms in hematology,
\item EEE - Extreme Energy Events - Science inside Schools (EEE), is a special research activity about the origin of cosmic rays carried out with the essential contribution of students and teachers of high schools,
\item CHNET-DHLab - Cultural heritage network of INFN for the development of virtual laboratories services, 
\item USER Support - for the development of experiments dashboard and the hosting of the production instance of the dashboard, displayed on the monitor present on the CNAF hallway,
\item EOSC-hub DODAS - Temaic service for  Elastic  Extension  of  Computing  Centre  batch resources  on  external  clouds,
\item Services devoted to EU projects like DEEP-HDC \cite{deep}, XDC \cite{xdc} and EOSC-pilot \cite{pilot}.
\end{itemize}



\section{Conclusions and future work}
Due to a damage in the aqueduct pipe located in the street nearby CNAF, a river of water and mud flowed towards the Tier1 data center causing the 
shutdown of the entire data center. For such reason, the services and related resources hosted by Cloud@CNAF went down.
To cope with this problem, the decision to temporary migrate the core resources and services of Clud@CNAF to INFN-Ferrara has been taken and adopted.
In order to do this, a complete re-design of the entire infrastructure was needed to tackle the limitations in terms of power consumption and
 weight imposed by the new location.
The joint effort and expertise of all the CNAF people and the INFN-Ferrara colleagues made possible to re-design, migrate and make operational 
the Cloud@CNAF infrastructure and related hosted services in less than a business week.
Thanks to the experience and the documentation gathered, in June 2018 - after the Tier1 returned in its production status, Cloud@CNAF 
has been migrated back in less than three business days.
Even with the above described problems, the Cloud@CNAF infrastructure has been maintained and evolved, giving the possibility 
to the users to carry on their activities and obtain their desidered results.
For the next year new and challenging activities are planned, in particular the migration to the OpenStack Rocky version and the deployment of a new architecture distributed between 
differnet functional units, Data Center and SDDS. 



\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=15cm,clip]{infn-fe23.png}
\caption{The new architecture of the Cloud@CNAF developed to cope the limitations at INFN-Ferrara.}
\label{new_c_at_c}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=12cm,clip]{catc_monitoring.png}
\caption{Cloud@CNAF monitoring and status}
\label{catc_monitor}
\end{figure}

\section{References} 

\begin{thebibliography}{}

\bibitem{catc}
Cloud@CNAF - maintenance and operation, C. Duma, R. Bucchi, A. Costantini, D. Michelotto, M. Panella, D. Salomoni and G. Zizzi, CNAF Annual Report 2016, https://www.cnaf.infn.it/Annual-Report/annual-report-2016.pdf
\bibitem{openstack}
Web site: https://www.openstack.org/
\bibitem{flood}
The flood, L. dell’Agnello, CNAF Annual Report 2017, https://www.cnaf.infn.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cnaf-annual-report-2017.pdf
\bibitem{deep}
Web site: https://deep-hybrid-datacloud.eu/
\bibitem{xdc}
Web site: www.extreme-datacloud.eu
\bibitem{pilot}
Web site: https://eoscpilot.eu


\end{thebibliography}


\end{document}

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